CVE-2025-10025 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 3.1 of the PHPGurukul Online Course Registration system, specifically within an unknown function in the /admin/semester.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'semester' parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL code by manipulating the 'semester' argument, potentially leading to unauthorized data access or modification. The vulnerability does not require any user interaction or privileges to exploit, and the attack vector is network-based, making it accessible remotely. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting the ease of exploitation (low attack complexity), no required privileges or user interaction, but limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (low to limited impact). Although no known exploits are reported in the wild yet, the public disclosure of the vulnerability and exploit details increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability affects only version 3.1 of the PHPGurukul Online Course Registration system, which is a niche product used primarily in educational institutions for managing course registrations online. The lack of a patch at the time of disclosure further elevates the risk for organizations using this software.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions such as universities and colleges that utilize PHPGurukul Online Course Registration version 3.1, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive student and academic data, including enrollment information, personal identifiers, and potentially administrative credentials. This could result in data breaches, privacy violations under GDPR, and disruption of academic operations. Although the impact on system availability is limited, data integrity and confidentiality could be compromised, leading to reputational damage and regulatory penalties. The remote, unauthenticated nature of the vulnerability increases the threat surface, especially for institutions with internet-facing administrative portals. Given the specialized nature of the product, the impact is concentrated but critical for affected organizations.

Organizations should immediately audit their use of PHPGurukul Online Course Registration software to determine if version 3.1 is deployed. If so, they should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Apply any available patches or updates from PHPGurukul as soon as they are released. 2) In the absence of patches, implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'semester' parameter in /admin/semester.php. 3) Restrict access to the /admin directory to trusted IP addresses or via VPN to reduce exposure. 4) Conduct code reviews and sanitize all inputs rigorously, especially the 'semester' parameter, using parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent injection. 5) Monitor logs for suspicious activity related to SQL injection patterns. 6) Educate administrative users about the risk and encourage strong authentication and monitoring. 7) Consider isolating or temporarily disabling the vulnerable module if immediate patching is not feasible.