CVE-2025-10230: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command and executed by the Samba Active Directory Domain Controller’s wins hook, allowing an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve remote command execution as the Samba process.
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
This vulnerability exists because Samba does not properly validate or escape NetBIOS names received in WINS registration packets before inserting them into shell commands. This improper neutralization of special elements leads to OS command injection, enabling remote code execution without authentication. The flaw affects Samba versions 4.22.0 and 4.23.0. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 10.0, reflecting its critical severity and the potential for complete system compromise. The vendor advisory from Red Hat is available but does not explicitly state patch availability or remediation status.
Potential Impact
An unauthenticated network attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the system running Samba with the privileges of the Samba process. This can lead to full compromise of the affected system, including confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.
Mitigation Recommendations
Patch status is not yet confirmed — check the vendor advisory at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230 for current remediation guidance. Until a patch is applied, consider restricting network access to the Samba WINS service and monitoring for suspicious activity related to WINS registrations. Do not rely on generic mitigations as the vendor advisory does not specify any.
CVE-2025-10230: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Description
A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command and executed by the Samba Active Directory Domain Controller’s wins hook, allowing an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve remote command execution as the Samba process.
CVSS v3.1
Score 10.0critical
Affected software
Run on your own infrastructure? Check whether these packages are installed with threat-finder — our free open-source scanner.
AI-Powered Analysis
Machine-generated threat intelligence
Technical Analysis
This vulnerability exists because Samba does not properly validate or escape NetBIOS names received in WINS registration packets before inserting them into shell commands. This improper neutralization of special elements leads to OS command injection, enabling remote code execution without authentication. The flaw affects Samba versions 4.22.0 and 4.23.0. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 10.0, reflecting its critical severity and the potential for complete system compromise. The vendor advisory from Red Hat is available but does not explicitly state patch availability or remediation status.
Potential Impact
An unauthenticated network attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the system running Samba with the privileges of the Samba process. This can lead to full compromise of the affected system, including confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.
Mitigation Recommendations
Patch status is not yet confirmed — check the vendor advisory at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230 for current remediation guidance. Until a patch is applied, consider restricting network access to the Samba WINS service and monitoring for suspicious activity related to WINS registrations. Do not rely on generic mitigations as the vendor advisory does not specify any.
Technical Details
- Data Version
- 5.2
- Assigner Short Name
- redhat
- Date Reserved
- 2025-09-10T12:58:09.417Z
- Cvss Version
- 3.1
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Vendor Advisory Urls
- [{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230","vendor":"Red Hat"}]
Threat ID: 690e4d7dc4445bd1e6c78d83
Added to database: 11/07/2025, 19:50:21 UTC
Last enriched: 07/02/2026, 22:18:40 UTC
Last updated: 09/10/2026, 19:36:49 UTC
Views: 334
Community Reviews
0 reviewsCrowdsource mitigation strategies, share intel context, and vote on the most helpful responses. Sign in to add your voice and help keep defenders ahead.
Want to contribute mitigation steps or threat intel context? Sign in or create an account to join the community discussion.
Actions
Updates to AI analysis require Pro Console access. Upgrade inside Console → Billing.
Need more coverage?
Upgrade to Pro Console for AI refresh and higher limits.
For incident response and remediation, OffSeq services can help resolve threats faster.
Latest Threats
Check if your credentials are on the dark web
Instant breach scanning across billions of leaked records. Free tier available.