CVE-2025-10502 is a heap buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the ANGLE component of Google Chrome versions prior to 140.0.7339.185. ANGLE (Almost Native Graphics Layer Engine) is a graphics abstraction layer used by Chrome to translate OpenGL ES calls to other graphics APIs, facilitating cross-platform graphics rendering. The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to exploit heap corruption by sending specially crafted malicious network traffic to a victim's browser. This heap buffer overflow can lead to arbitrary code execution, enabling the attacker to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system. The vulnerability requires no privileges and no authentication but does require user interaction, such as visiting a malicious website or opening a malicious link. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.8 (High), reflecting the ease of remote exploitation and the potential for full system compromise. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the high severity and the widespread use of Chrome make this a critical issue to address promptly. The vulnerability affects Chrome's rendering engine, which is integral to processing web content, thus exposing a broad attack surface to remote attackers via the internet.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the widespread use of Google Chrome as a primary web browser in business and government environments. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of business operations, and potential lateral movement within corporate networks. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, attackers could deploy malware, steal credentials, or disrupt services. This is particularly critical for sectors handling sensitive personal data under GDPR regulations, such as finance, healthcare, and public administration. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be leveraged to trigger exploitation. Additionally, remote exploitation over the network increases the risk of large-scale attacks targeting multiple organizations simultaneously. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for mitigation before widespread exploitation occurs.

European organizations should prioritize updating Google Chrome to version 140.0.7339.185 or later immediately to remediate this vulnerability. Beyond patching, organizations should implement network-level protections such as web filtering to block access to known malicious sites and employ advanced endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect anomalous behaviors indicative of exploitation attempts. User awareness training should be enhanced to reduce the risk of social engineering attacks that could lead to user interaction triggering the exploit. Additionally, organizations should consider deploying browser isolation technologies to contain potential exploits and limit the impact of compromised browsers. Regular vulnerability scanning and penetration testing should include checks for outdated browser versions. Monitoring network traffic for unusual patterns related to graphics rendering or heap corruption attempts can provide early detection capabilities. Finally, maintaining robust incident response plans tailored to browser-based attacks will improve resilience.