CVE-2025-10547VulnerabilityPublished 3 Oct 2025Updated 4 Nov 2025

CVE-2025-10547: DrayTek Vigor1000B · Missing Initialization of a Variable

Affects DrayTek Vigor1000BSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 9.8 Critical.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

9.8Critical

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 47% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: High: There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 3 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
DrayTek Corporation Vigor1000B	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Given the absence of official patches, European organizations should immediately implement the following mitigations: 1) Disable remote HTTP management interfaces on Vigor1000B routers to reduce exposure to external attackers. 2) Restrict management access to trusted internal networks or VPNs only. 3) Employ network segmentation to isolate vulnerable routers from critical systems and sensitive data environments. 4) Monitor network traffic for anomalous HTTP CGI requests indicative of exploitation attempts. 5) Deploy intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures targeting suspicious memory corruption or RCE patterns related to DrayTek devices. 6) Maintain up-to-date asset inventories to identify all affected devices and prioritize remediation. 7) Engage with DrayTek support channels for early patch notifications and test updates in controlled environments before deployment. 8) Prepare incident response plans specific to router compromise scenarios. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on reducing attack surface, early detection, and containment tailored to this vulnerability’s characteristics.

Description

An uninitialized variable in the HTTP CGI request arguments processing component of Vigor Routers running DrayOS may allow an attacker the ability to perform RCE on the appliance through memory corruption.

Impact

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-10547 is substantial. Successful exploitation could lead to complete compromise of network perimeter devices, resulting in unauthorized access to internal networks, data exfiltration, and disruption of critical services. Given the router’s role in managing traffic and enforcing security policies, attackers could bypass firewalls, launch man-in-the-middle attacks, or deploy malware within corporate networks. This is particularly concerning for sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure, where network integrity and confidentiality are paramount. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements means attackers can exploit this remotely and stealthily, increasing the risk of widespread attacks. Additionally, the potential for denial of service through device instability could disrupt business continuity. The vulnerability’s presence in widely used network equipment amplifies the threat to European digital infrastructure and data privacy compliance obligations under regulations like GDPR.

CWE-456Missing Initialization of a Variable (opens in a new tab)
Variant weakness
The product does not initialize critical variables, which causes the execution environment to use unexpected values.
Implementation · Attack Surface Reduction
Ensure that critical variables are initialized before first use.
Requirements · Language Selection
Choose a language that is not susceptible to these issues.
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 4 Nov 2025, 22:35 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-456

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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