CVE-2025-10593 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the SourceCodester Online Student File Management System. The vulnerability exists in the /admin/update_student.php file, specifically in the handling of the 'stud_id' parameter. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, which the system then executes. This flaw allows remote attackers to exploit the vulnerability without requiring authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:L). The vulnerability impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the underlying database, potentially allowing unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3, categorizing it as a medium severity issue. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the exploit code is publicly available, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require low privileges (PR:L), suggesting that an attacker with limited access could leverage this flaw to escalate their capabilities or cause damage. The lack of a patch link indicates that a fix may not yet be publicly available, emphasizing the need for immediate mitigation efforts by affected organizations.

For European organizations, especially educational institutions or entities managing student data, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive student information, including personal identification data, academic records, and possibly financial details. The integrity of student records could be compromised, leading to data manipulation or deletion, which can disrupt administrative operations and damage institutional reputation. Availability impacts could arise if attackers execute destructive SQL commands, potentially causing denial of service or data loss. Given the remote exploitability and the public availability of exploit code, attackers could target vulnerable systems en masse. This threat is particularly concerning for organizations that have not implemented strict access controls or input validation on their student management systems. The medium severity rating suggests a moderate but tangible risk, warranting prompt attention to prevent data breaches and operational disruptions.

European organizations using SourceCodester Online Student File Management System 1.0 should immediately audit their systems for the presence of the vulnerable /admin/update_student.php endpoint. Specific mitigations include: 1) Implementing rigorous input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection attacks on the 'stud_id' parameter and any other user inputs; 2) Restricting access to the admin interface to trusted IP addresses or via VPN to reduce exposure; 3) Applying the principle of least privilege to user accounts, ensuring that accounts with access to this functionality have minimal necessary permissions; 4) Monitoring logs for unusual database query patterns or repeated failed attempts indicative of injection attempts; 5) If a vendor patch becomes available, prioritize its immediate deployment; 6) Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting this system; 7) Conduct regular security assessments and code reviews to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities proactively.