CVE-2025-11114 is a medium-severity SQL Injection vulnerability found in CodeAstro Online Leave Application version 1.0. The flaw exists in an unspecified functionality within the /leaveAplicationForm.php file, specifically involving the manipulation of the 'absence[]' parameter. An attacker can remotely exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious SQL code through this parameter, potentially altering the intended SQL queries executed by the application. This can lead to unauthorized access to or modification of the backend database. The vulnerability requires no user interaction and no authentication, making it remotely exploitable over the network with low attack complexity. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates that the attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L, which is low but not none), and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is low individually but collectively contributes to a medium severity rating. While no public exploits are currently known in the wild, the exploit code has been published, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability does not affect the system component (SC:N), and the scope remains unchanged (SI:N). The vulnerability could allow attackers to read or modify sensitive data related to employee leave applications, potentially leading to data leakage or unauthorized data manipulation within the affected organization's HR systems.

For European organizations using CodeAstro Online Leave Application 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive employee data, including leave records and absence information. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized data disclosure or tampering, which may result in compliance violations under GDPR due to exposure of personal data. Additionally, manipulation of leave data could disrupt HR operations, affecting workforce management and potentially causing operational inefficiencies. Although the vulnerability is rated medium severity, the ease of remote exploitation without user interaction or authentication increases the threat level. Organizations in sectors with strict data protection requirements, such as public administration, healthcare, and finance, may face reputational damage and regulatory penalties if exploited. The lack of a patch or mitigation guidance from the vendor increases the urgency for organizations to implement compensating controls.

Given the absence of an official patch or vendor-provided remediation, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. These include: 1) Applying Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'absence[]' parameter in /leaveAplicationForm.php. 2) Conducting thorough input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data, especially array parameters like 'absence[]', to prevent injection of malicious SQL code. 3) Restricting database user permissions to the minimum necessary, ensuring the application database account cannot perform unauthorized data manipulation or access. 4) Monitoring application logs for unusual or suspicious SQL query patterns indicative of injection attempts. 5) Isolating the affected application environment and limiting network exposure to trusted internal users until a patch is available. 6) Engaging with the vendor for timely updates and patches, and planning for an upgrade or replacement of the vulnerable application version. 7) Conducting security awareness training for developers and administrators on secure coding practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities.