CVE-2025-11118 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the CodeAstro Student Grading System, specifically affecting the /adminLogin.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'staffId' parameter, which is processed in a way that allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can be performed remotely without any authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N). The vulnerability impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the backend database, as attackers can potentially extract sensitive data, modify records, or disrupt the system's normal operation. The CVSS score of 6.9 (medium severity) reflects the ease of exploitation combined with limited impact scope, as the vulnerability affects a specific version (1.0) of the product. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the public availability of exploit code increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability does not require privileges or user interaction, making it accessible to remote attackers. The lack of patch links suggests that a fix may not yet be available, emphasizing the need for immediate mitigation efforts.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions or entities using the CodeAstro Student Grading System, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive student and staff data, including grades and personal information, violating data protection regulations such as GDPR. Data integrity could be compromised, resulting in altered or falsified academic records, which can have legal and reputational consequences. Availability impacts could disrupt grading operations, affecting academic workflows and deadlines. Given the remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack, threat actors could exploit this vulnerability at scale, potentially targeting multiple institutions. The exposure of sensitive educational data could also lead to secondary attacks such as phishing or identity theft. Furthermore, the reputational damage and regulatory penalties associated with data breaches in the education sector could be substantial.

Organizations should immediately audit their use of the CodeAstro Student Grading System version 1.0 and identify any instances of the vulnerable software. Since no official patch is currently available, temporary mitigations include implementing web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'staffId' parameter in /adminLogin.php. Input validation and parameterized queries should be enforced at the application level if source code access is possible. Network segmentation can limit exposure of the grading system to trusted internal networks only. Monitoring and logging of database queries and web server access should be enhanced to detect suspicious activity. Organizations should also prepare for rapid patch deployment once an official fix is released by the vendor. Additionally, conducting regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on injection vulnerabilities can help identify and remediate similar issues proactively.