CVE-2025-11118 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in CodeAstro Student Grading System version 1.0, affecting the /adminLogin.php endpoint through the staffId parameter. This vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of user-supplied input, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL code remotely without authentication or user interaction. The injection can manipulate backend SQL queries, potentially exposing or altering sensitive data such as student grades, staff credentials, or administrative information. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9, reflecting a medium severity with network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no known exploits are currently active in the wild, publicly available exploit code increases the likelihood of exploitation. The vulnerability's presence in an educational management system makes it particularly concerning for institutions relying on CodeAstro's software for critical academic and administrative functions. The lack of available patches at the time of publication necessitates immediate mitigation efforts to prevent potential data breaches or unauthorized system manipulation.

For European organizations, especially educational institutions using CodeAstro Student Grading System 1.0, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive student and staff data, including grades and personal information. Attackers could also modify or delete records, undermining data integrity and trust in academic records. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of widespread attacks, potentially disrupting administrative operations. Data breaches could result in regulatory penalties under GDPR due to exposure of personal data. Additionally, reputational damage and loss of stakeholder confidence could follow. The impact is heightened in countries with stringent data protection laws and where digital education infrastructure is heavily relied upon. The vulnerability could also be leveraged as a foothold for further network compromise within affected institutions.

1. Immediately apply any available patches or updates from CodeAstro once released. 2. If patches are unavailable, implement strict input validation and sanitization on the staffId parameter to prevent injection. 3. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements in the backend code to eliminate direct concatenation of user input in SQL commands. 4. Restrict access to the /adminLogin.php endpoint via network controls such as IP whitelisting or VPN access to limit exposure. 5. Monitor logs for suspicious SQL query patterns or repeated failed login attempts targeting staffId. 6. Conduct a thorough security review of the entire application to identify and remediate similar injection points. 7. Educate administrative staff about phishing and social engineering risks that could facilitate exploitation. 8. Implement web application firewalls (WAF) with SQL injection detection rules tailored to this vulnerability. 9. Prepare an incident response plan to quickly address any exploitation attempts or breaches. 10. Regularly back up critical data and verify restoration procedures to minimize operational impact.