VulnerabilityPublished 19 Feb 2025Updated 5 Nov 2026

CVE-2025-1118: grub2 · Trust Boundary Violation

Affects grub2Source GCVE Database

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Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.4 Medium.

Data as of 5 Nov 2026, 15:35 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.4Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

Thin evidence

One scorer or none

CVSS scores by source
CNA (redhat)	CVSS 3.1	4.4

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Local
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Local: The vulnerable component is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities. Either: the attacker exploits the vulnerability by accessing the target system locally (e.g., keyboard, console), or remotely (e.g., SSH); or the attacker relies on User Interaction by another person to perform actions required to exploit the vulnerability (e.g., tricking a legitimate user into opening a malicious document).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: High: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide significant (e.g., administrative) control over the vulnerable component that could affect component-wide settings and files.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 19 Feb 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 5 Nov 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
grub2	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Red Hat has released an official security update for grub2 that addresses this vulnerability. Users of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 and its variants should apply the update as described in Red Hat advisory RHSA-2025:16154. Applying this update mitigates the vulnerability by disabling the dump command during lockdown mode. No additional action is required beyond applying the vendor-provided patch.

Description

CVE-2025-1118 is a vulnerability in grub2 where the dump command is not blocked during lockdown mode, allowing a user to read arbitrary memory. This can lead to exposure of sensitive information such as signatures and salts. The issue affects grub2 and has a CVSS score of 4.4 (medium severity). Red Hat has released a security update addressing this and other related vulnerabilities in grub2 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.

Impact

An attacker with high privileges can exploit this vulnerability to read arbitrary memory contents during grub lockdown mode, potentially exposing sensitive information such as cryptographic signatures and salts. This compromises confidentiality but does not affect integrity or availability. The CVSS v3.1 score is 4.4, indicating a medium severity impact primarily on confidentiality.

Summary

The vulnerability CVE-2025-1118 in grub2 arises because the dump command remains accessible even when grub is in lockdown mode. This flaw allows an attacker with high privileges to read arbitrary memory contents, potentially extracting sensitive data like cryptographic signatures and salts. The issue is part of a set of security fixes released by Red Hat for grub2, which also address integer overflows, out-of-bounds writes, and use-after-free bugs. The Red Hat advisory RHSA-2025:16154 confirms the availability of patches for affected versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 5 Nov 2026, 15:35 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-501

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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