CVE-2025-11188 identifies a blind SQL injection vulnerability in the nas-id parameter of Synchroweb's Kiwire Captive Portal version 3.6. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of special characters in SQL commands (CWE-89), allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL statements that the backend database executes. Blind SQL injection means the attacker cannot directly see database responses but can infer data through side effects or timing attacks. This can lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data modification, or even full database compromise. The nas-id parameter is typically used to identify network access servers in captive portal authentication flows, making it a critical input vector. No CVSS score has been assigned yet, and no patches or public exploits are currently available, indicating the vulnerability is newly disclosed. The lack of authentication or user interaction requirements means attackers can exploit this remotely by sending crafted HTTP requests to the captive portal. The vulnerability affects version 3.6 of Kiwire, a product used to manage captive portal access in Wi-Fi networks, often deployed in public venues, enterprises, and service providers. The absence of a patch necessitates immediate mitigation steps to prevent exploitation. This vulnerability could be leveraged to extract sensitive user credentials, alter authentication logic, or disrupt service availability. Given the critical role captive portals play in network access control, exploitation could have broad security implications.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant. Captive portals are widely used in public Wi-Fi hotspots, hotels, airports, and enterprise guest networks across Europe. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to backend databases containing user credentials, session data, or configuration information. This compromises confidentiality and potentially integrity if attackers modify data. Availability could also be affected if attackers execute destructive SQL commands or cause database errors. The breach of captive portal systems can facilitate further lateral movement into internal networks or enable man-in-the-middle attacks on users. Sectors such as hospitality, transportation, education, and public administration, which rely heavily on captive portals, are particularly at risk. Additionally, GDPR implications arise if personal data is exposed, leading to regulatory penalties. The lack of authentication for exploitation increases the risk of automated attacks targeting vulnerable installations. The absence of known exploits suggests a window of opportunity for defenders to patch or mitigate before widespread attacks occur. However, the critical nature of the vulnerability demands urgent attention to prevent potential data breaches and service disruptions.

1. Immediate deployment of web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block suspicious SQL injection patterns targeting the nas-id parameter. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on the nas-id parameter, ensuring only expected formats and characters are accepted. 3. Modify the application code to use parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. 4. Conduct a thorough security review and code audit of all input handling in the captive portal system. 5. Monitor database logs and network traffic for unusual queries or access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Restrict access to the captive portal management interfaces and backend databases using network segmentation and strong authentication. 7. Engage with Synchroweb for official patches or updates and apply them promptly once available. 8. Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability to increase awareness and readiness. 9. Consider temporary disabling or restricting captive portal functionality if exploitation risk is deemed too high until a patch is available. 10. Regularly backup captive portal configurations and databases to enable rapid recovery in case of compromise.