CVE-2025-11190 identifies a critical security vulnerability in Synchroweb's Kiwire Captive Portal version 3.6. The primary issue is an SQL Injection (CWE-89) vulnerability, which arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands. This flaw allows an attacker to manipulate backend database queries by injecting malicious SQL code, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or even full system compromise depending on the database privileges. Additionally, the Kiwire Captive Portal suffers from an open redirection vulnerability via the login-url parameter. This flaw enables attackers to craft URLs that redirect users to malicious websites, facilitating phishing attacks or malware distribution. The vulnerability does not currently have a CVSS score, and no public exploits have been reported yet. However, the combination of SQL Injection and open redirection significantly increases the attack surface. Exploitation likely requires no authentication but may depend on user interaction to follow malicious redirects. The vulnerability affects version 3.6 of Kiwire, a captive portal solution commonly used in network access control scenarios, such as public Wi-Fi hotspots. The lack of patches at the time of publication underscores the urgency for organizations to implement interim mitigations. The CVE was reserved on 2025-09-30 and published on 2025-10-10 by certcc, indicating recent discovery and disclosure. Given the technical nature of the vulnerability, attackers with moderate skills could exploit it to compromise network security and user data confidentiality.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-11190 could be significant. The SQL Injection vulnerability threatens the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive information stored in backend databases, including user credentials, session tokens, or network usage logs. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data tampering, or denial of service if the database is disrupted. The open redirection flaw increases the risk of phishing attacks targeting users of captive portals, potentially leading to credential theft or malware infections. Organizations relying on Kiwire captive portals for guest Wi-Fi access, especially in sectors like hospitality, transportation, and public services, may face reputational damage and regulatory penalties under GDPR if user data is compromised. The ease of exploitation without authentication and the potential for widespread user impact elevate the threat level. Moreover, attackers could leverage the open redirect to bypass security controls and deliver payloads, compounding the risk. The absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive defense, but the vulnerability's nature demands urgent attention to prevent exploitation.

To mitigate CVE-2025-11190, European organizations should implement several specific measures beyond generic advice: 1) Immediately audit and sanitize all inputs to the Kiwire captive portal, particularly the login-url parameter, to prevent injection of malicious SQL commands and unauthorized redirects. Use parameterized queries or prepared statements to eliminate SQL Injection risks. 2) Implement strict allowlists for redirect URLs to ensure users can only be redirected to trusted domains controlled by the organization. 3) Monitor captive portal logs for unusual query patterns or redirect attempts that may indicate exploitation attempts. 4) Segment the captive portal network from critical internal systems to limit the blast radius of any compromise. 5) Engage with Synchroweb support or vendor channels to obtain patches or updates as soon as they become available. 6) Educate users about the risks of following suspicious links during captive portal login processes. 7) Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL Injection attempts and open redirect exploits targeting the portal. 8) Conduct penetration testing focused on captive portal components to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities proactively. These targeted actions will reduce the risk of exploitation while awaiting official patches.