CVE-2025-11280 is a vulnerability identified in Frappe LMS version 2.35.0, specifically within the Assignment Picture Handler component located in the /files/ directory. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of direct requests, which allows an attacker to manipulate requests remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with high attack complexity (AC:H), and no privileges or user interaction needed. The impact is limited to confidentiality (VC:L), with no effect on integrity or availability. The flaw could allow unauthorized access to assignment-related picture files or related resources, potentially exposing sensitive educational data or user information. The vendor was informed early about this and three other vulnerabilities, which have been fixed, but the release notes on GitHub do not explicitly mention these fixes, potentially delaying awareness. No known exploits have been observed in the wild, but proof-of-concept exploits have been published, indicating potential future exploitation. The vulnerability’s CVSS 4.0 score is 6.3, categorizing it as medium severity. Given the LMS’s role in managing educational content and user data, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk, especially in environments where sensitive student or institutional data is stored.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions and training providers using Frappe LMS 2.35.0, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive assignment-related images or data, impacting confidentiality. While the vulnerability does not affect integrity or availability, exposure of personal or academic data could result in privacy violations, reputational damage, and potential regulatory non-compliance under GDPR. The high complexity and difficulty of exploitation reduce immediate risk, but the presence of published exploits increases the likelihood of future attacks. Organizations relying on this LMS for critical educational functions may face operational disruptions if attackers leverage this flaw to gain unauthorized access or conduct further reconnaissance. The lack of explicit vendor communication in release notes may delay patch adoption, increasing exposure time.

1. Upgrade Frappe LMS to the latest patched version as soon as it becomes available, verifying that the fix for CVE-2025-11280 is included. 2. Until patched, restrict access to the /files/ directory and Assignment Picture Handler endpoints using network-level controls such as firewalls or web application firewalls (WAF) to limit exposure to trusted IPs or internal networks. 3. Implement strict access control and authentication mechanisms around file handling components to prevent unauthorized direct requests. 4. Monitor LMS logs for unusual or repeated access attempts targeting the /files/ path or assignment picture resources. 5. Conduct internal security assessments and penetration tests focusing on file upload and retrieval functionalities to identify similar weaknesses. 6. Educate LMS administrators about the vulnerability and encourage timely patch management and security best practices. 7. If possible, isolate the LMS environment from public internet access or use VPNs to reduce attack surface.