CVE-2025-11282 is a cross-site scripting vulnerability identified in Frappe LMS versions 2.34.x and 2.35.0. This vulnerability arises from an incomplete remediation of a previous security flaw (CVE-2025-55006), indicating that the patch did not fully address the underlying issue. The vulnerability exists in an unspecified function within the LMS component, which allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts remotely. The attack vector is network-based, requiring no prior authentication but necessitating user interaction, such as clicking a maliciously crafted link or visiting a compromised page. Successful exploitation can lead to execution of arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the victim's browser session, potentially enabling session hijacking, phishing attacks, or unauthorized actions on behalf of the user. The vendor was informed early about four security issues, including this one, and claims to have fixed them; however, the official release notes on GitHub do not document these fixes, which may delay awareness and patch adoption. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 4.8 reflects a medium severity, considering the attack complexity is low, no privileges are required, but user interaction is necessary and the impact on confidentiality and integrity is limited. No known public exploits have been reported in the wild, but the exploit code has been made public, increasing the risk of opportunistic attacks. The vulnerability highlights the importance of thorough patch verification and transparent communication from vendors. Organizations running affected versions should monitor for updates and apply patches promptly once released.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-11282 primarily involves the risk of session hijacking, credential theft, or phishing attacks through malicious script execution in users' browsers. Educational institutions and enterprises using Frappe LMS for learning management could see compromised user accounts, unauthorized access to sensitive educational data, or disruption of LMS services. Although the vulnerability does not directly affect system availability or cause data corruption, the indirect consequences such as loss of user trust, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR due to potential data exposure), and reputational damage can be significant. The requirement for user interaction limits automated exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments where users may be less security-aware. The incomplete patch history and lack of vendor transparency may delay mitigation efforts, increasing exposure time. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability in targeted phishing campaigns against staff or students, particularly in remote learning scenarios where LMS access is critical. Overall, the threat poses a moderate risk to confidentiality and integrity of user sessions and data within European organizations using vulnerable versions of Frappe LMS.

1. Upgrade Frappe LMS to the latest version as soon as an official patch addressing CVE-2025-11282 is released. Monitor vendor communications and GitHub repositories closely for updates. 2. Until patches are applied, implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data within the LMS environment to reduce injection vectors. 3. Deploy Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers accessing the LMS. 4. Educate users about the risks of clicking suspicious links or interacting with untrusted content within the LMS platform. 5. Monitor LMS logs for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts, such as anomalous URL parameters or repeated failed access attempts. 6. Consider using web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block XSS payloads targeting the LMS. 7. Coordinate with IT security teams to conduct penetration testing focused on XSS vulnerabilities in the LMS environment. 8. Maintain regular backups of LMS data and configurations to enable recovery in case of compromise. 9. Review and tighten user permissions within the LMS to minimize potential damage from compromised accounts. 10. Engage with the Frappe community or vendor support channels to verify patch status and share threat intelligence.