CVE-2025-11405 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the SourceCodester Hotel and Lodge Management System version 1.0. The flaw exists in the /del_tax.php script where the 'ID' parameter is not properly sanitized or validated before being used in SQL queries. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands by manipulating the 'ID' argument, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion within the backend database. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or privileges, making it easier to exploit remotely. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no authentication required (AT:N), and no user interaction (UI:N), with low to limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Although no active exploitation has been reported, a public exploit is available, increasing the likelihood of future attacks. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is used primarily in hospitality management for hotels and lodges. The absence of official patches or mitigation guidance necessitates immediate defensive measures by users. This vulnerability highlights the critical need for secure coding practices such as input validation and the use of parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection attacks.

For European organizations operating hotels and lodges using SourceCodester Hotel and Lodge Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized database access, which could lead to exposure of sensitive customer data, financial information, and internal management records. Attackers could manipulate or delete tax-related data, potentially disrupting financial reporting and compliance. The partial compromise of data integrity and availability could affect operational continuity and damage organizational reputation. Given the hospitality sector's importance in Europe, especially in countries with large tourism industries, exploitation could have significant business and regulatory consequences. Additionally, attackers might leverage this vulnerability as a foothold for further network intrusion or lateral movement. Although the CVSS score is medium, the ease of remote exploitation without authentication increases the threat level. Organizations failing to address this vulnerability risk data breaches, financial losses, and regulatory penalties under GDPR and other data protection laws.

Organizations should immediately audit their use of SourceCodester Hotel and Lodge Management System version 1.0 and prioritize upgrading to a patched version once available. In the absence of an official patch, implement the following mitigations: 1) Apply strict input validation and sanitization on the 'ID' parameter in /del_tax.php to block malicious SQL payloads. 2) Refactor database queries to use parameterized statements or prepared queries to eliminate injection vectors. 3) Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary, preventing unauthorized data modification or access. 4) Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection rules to block exploit attempts. 5) Monitor logs for suspicious activity related to /del_tax.php and anomalous database queries. 6) Conduct regular security assessments and code reviews focusing on injection vulnerabilities. 7) Educate development teams on secure coding practices to prevent similar issues. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on the specific vulnerable component and attack vector.