CVE-2025-11417 is a vulnerability identified in Campcodes Advanced Online Voting Management System version 1.0, specifically in the /admin/voters_add.php file. The flaw arises from insufficient validation of the 'photo' parameter, which allows an attacker to perform unrestricted file uploads remotely. This means an attacker with low privileges can upload arbitrary files, potentially including malicious scripts or executables, without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network and does not require complex attack conditions, making it relatively easy to exploit. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium), reflecting the moderate impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity and no privileges required. The vulnerability could be leveraged to execute arbitrary code, deface the voting system, disrupt election processes, or exfiltrate sensitive voter data. Although no active exploits have been reported in the wild, public exploit code availability increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability affects a critical election management system, which is a high-value target for attackers aiming to influence or disrupt democratic processes. The lack of patches or official remediation guidance increases the urgency for organizations to implement compensating controls.

For European organizations, particularly election commissions and government bodies using Campcodes Advanced Online Voting Management System, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized modification or deletion of voter data, disruption of election workflows, or deployment of malware within critical infrastructure. Such impacts could undermine public trust in electoral integrity and democratic processes. Confidentiality breaches could expose sensitive voter information, while integrity violations could alter election outcomes. Availability impacts might cause denial of service during critical voting periods. Given the strategic importance of elections in Europe and the increasing targeting of election infrastructure by state-sponsored and criminal actors, this vulnerability could be exploited to cause political instability or reputational damage. The medium severity score suggests moderate but tangible risks that require prompt attention to prevent exploitation.

1. Implement strict server-side validation of all file uploads, restricting allowed file types to safe image formats (e.g., JPEG, PNG) and verifying MIME types and file headers. 2. Enforce authentication and authorization checks on the /admin/voters_add.php endpoint to ensure only trusted administrators can upload files. 3. Use file upload sandboxing techniques and store uploaded files outside the web root to prevent direct execution. 4. Employ antivirus and malware scanning on uploaded files to detect malicious content. 5. Monitor logs for unusual upload activity or access patterns to detect potential exploitation attempts. 6. If possible, apply virtual patching via web application firewalls (WAFs) to block suspicious upload requests. 7. Engage with the vendor for official patches or updates and prioritize their deployment once available. 8. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on file upload functionalities. 9. Educate administrators on secure handling of file uploads and the risks of unrestricted upload vulnerabilities. 10. Develop incident response plans specific to election system compromises to enable rapid containment and recovery.