CVE-2025-11432 is a SQL injection vulnerability identified in the itsourcecode Leave Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /reset.php script, where the employid parameter is improperly sanitized, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can manipulate backend database queries, potentially exposing sensitive employee data, modifying records, or disrupting system functionality. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to attackers. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting the ease of exploitation (attack vector: network, no privileges or user interaction required) and the potential impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, albeit with limited scope and impact. No patches or vendor advisories are currently available, and while no active exploitation has been reported, a public exploit exists, increasing the risk of attacks. The vulnerability primarily affects organizations using the vulnerable version of the Leave Management System, which is typically deployed in HR environments to manage employee leave data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized data access, data tampering, or denial of service, impacting organizational operations and compliance with data protection regulations.

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-11432 could result in unauthorized disclosure of sensitive employee information, including personal and leave-related data, violating GDPR and other privacy regulations. Data integrity could be compromised, leading to incorrect leave records or payroll errors, which may disrupt HR processes and employee trust. Availability impacts could arise if the database or application is destabilized, causing downtime in critical HR functions. Organizations in sectors with stringent compliance requirements, such as government, finance, and healthcare, face heightened risks of regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, the presence of a public exploit increases the likelihood of opportunistic attacks, especially targeting smaller organizations with limited cybersecurity resources. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the vulnerability means attackers can exploit it without insider access, broadening the threat landscape. Overall, the vulnerability poses a moderate but tangible risk to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of HR systems in Europe.

To mitigate CVE-2025-11432, organizations should immediately implement strict input validation and sanitization on the employid parameter within /reset.php, ensuring that only expected data types and formats are accepted. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection attacks effectively. If possible, upgrade to a patched version of the Leave Management System once available from itsourcecode. In the absence of official patches, consider applying virtual patching via web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the employid parameter. Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing focused on input handling in the Leave Management System. Restrict network access to the application to trusted IPs or VPNs to reduce exposure. Monitor logs for suspicious query patterns or repeated failed attempts targeting /reset.php. Educate HR and IT staff about the vulnerability and the importance of timely patching. Finally, ensure regular backups of the database to enable recovery in case of data tampering or loss.