VulnerabilityPublished 8 Oct 2025

CVE-2025-11435: JhumanJ OpnForm · Cross-site Scripting

Affects JhumanJ OpnFormSource CVE Database V5

Public exploit available · CVSS 5.3 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 11:07 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 33% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Passive
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: Passive: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires limited interaction by the targeted user with the vulnerable system and the attacker’s payload. These interactions would be considered involuntary and do not require that the user actively subvert protections built into the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 8 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: evidence found.
CVSS exploit maturity: proof of concept public
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), CVSS vector, the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
JhumanJ OpnForm	Affected 1.9.0 – 1.9.3 4 affected builds	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Immediately apply the official patch identified by commit a2af1184e53953afa8cb052f4055f288adcaa608 to all affected OpnForm instances.
Conduct a thorough code review of all input handling in the /show/submissions endpoint and related components to ensure proper input validation and output encoding are enforced.
Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts and reduce the impact of potential XSS attacks.
Educate users and administrators about the risks of clicking unknown links and the importance of verifying URLs, especially in contexts involving form submissions.
Monitor web application logs for unusual or suspicious requests targeting the /show/submissions endpoint to detect potential exploitation attempts early.
Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with rules tailored to detect and block XSS payloads targeting OpnForm.
Regularly update and patch all web-facing applications and dependencies to minimize exposure to known vulnerabilities.

Description

A security vulnerability has been detected in JhumanJ OpnForm up to 1.9.3. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /show/submissions. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The identifier of the patch is a2af1184e53953afa8cb052f4055f288adcaa608. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch.

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to web applications relying on JhumanJ OpnForm for form submissions and data collection. Exploitation could lead to session hijacking, unauthorized actions performed on behalf of users, or theft of sensitive information entered into forms. This can undermine user trust, cause data integrity issues, and potentially lead to regulatory non-compliance under GDPR if personal data is compromised. Sectors such as government, healthcare, finance, and e-commerce that utilize OpnForm for customer or citizen interactions are particularly vulnerable. The medium severity rating reflects that while the vulnerability does not allow full system compromise, it can facilitate targeted phishing or social engineering attacks that escalate into broader breaches. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the attack surface, making it easier for threat actors to attempt exploitation at scale if the patch is not applied.

Summary

CVE-2025-11435 is a cross-site scripting vulnerability identified in JhumanJ OpnForm, specifically affecting versions 1.9.0 through 1.9.3. The vulnerability resides in an unspecified functionality of the /show/submissions endpoint, which improperly sanitizes user-supplied input, allowing attackers to inject malicious JavaScript code. This flaw can be exploited remotely without requiring authentication, but it necessitates user interaction, such as a victim clicking a malicious link or visiting a compromised page. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 5.3, indicating medium severity, with attack vector network (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and user interaction required (UI:P). The impact primarily affects the integrity and confidentiality of the victim’s session or data, potentially enabling session hijacking, defacement, or redirection to malicious sites. Although no active exploitation has been reported, the vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, and a patch is available identified by commit a2af1184e53953afa8cb052f4055f288adcaa608. Organizations using affected versions of OpnForm should apply the patch promptly to prevent exploitation. The vulnerability underscores the importance of proper input validation and output encoding in web applications to mitigate XSS risks.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 8 Oct 2025, 05:50 UTC

Technical details

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