CVE-2025-11508 is a vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the code-projects Voting System, specifically within the /admin/voters_add.php file. The flaw arises from insufficient validation of the 'photo' parameter, which allows an attacker to perform unrestricted file uploads. This means that an attacker with authenticated high-level privileges can upload arbitrary files, including potentially malicious scripts, to the server. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable and does not require user interaction, but it does require the attacker to have elevated privileges (PR:H). The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low complexity (AC:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and no privileges required for attack (AT:N) except high privileges for authentication. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is low to limited (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L), suggesting that while the vulnerability can be exploited to upload files, the scope of damage depends on the attacker's actions post-upload. No patches or exploit code are currently publicly available, but the vulnerability has been disclosed, increasing the risk of future exploitation. The unrestricted upload can lead to web shell deployment, defacement, or further compromise of the voting system, potentially undermining the integrity of election-related data. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which may limit exposure depending on upgrade status. The lack of server-side controls on file uploads is the root cause, and mitigation involves implementing strict validation and access controls.

For European organizations, especially those involved in electoral processes or public polling, this vulnerability poses a risk to the integrity and availability of voting data. Exploitation could allow attackers to upload malicious files, potentially leading to unauthorized code execution, data tampering, or denial of service. This could undermine public trust in electoral systems and disrupt democratic processes. Organizations using the affected version 1.0 of the Voting System may face operational disruptions and reputational damage. The requirement for high privileges limits the risk to insiders or attackers who have already compromised administrative accounts, but insider threats or credential theft could facilitate exploitation. Given the critical nature of voting systems, even a medium severity vulnerability warrants prompt attention. The impact on confidentiality is limited, but integrity and availability could be compromised, affecting election outcomes or voter data privacy.

1. Immediately review and restrict administrative access to the Voting System to trusted personnel only, enforcing strong authentication and monitoring. 2. Implement strict server-side validation for file uploads, including whitelisting allowed file types (e.g., only images), enforcing file size limits, and scanning uploaded files for malware. 3. If possible, isolate the upload directory from execution privileges to prevent uploaded scripts from running. 4. Monitor logs for unusual file upload activity or access patterns in the /admin/voters_add.php endpoint. 5. Apply any vendor patches or updates as soon as they become available. 6. Conduct regular security audits and penetration tests focusing on file upload functionalities. 7. Employ web application firewalls (WAF) with rules to detect and block suspicious upload attempts. 8. Educate administrators about the risks of credential compromise and enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for administrative accounts. 9. Consider upgrading to a newer, patched version of the Voting System or alternative secure solutions if available.