CVE-2025-11782 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Circutor's SGE-PLC1000 and SGE-PLC50 devices running firmware version 9.0.2. The vulnerability arises from the 'ShowDownload()' function, which uses the unsafe C library function sprintf() to format a string into a fixed-size 64-byte buffer named 'acStack_4c'. The input to sprintf() includes the output of 'GetParameter(meter)', which is user-controlled and not length-checked before being copied. This lack of boundary checking allows an attacker to supply an excessively long 'meter' parameter, overflowing the buffer on the stack. Exploitation can lead to memory corruption, enabling arbitrary code execution or causing a denial of service by crashing the device. The vulnerability requires low privileges (PR:L) and no user interaction (UI:N), but network access (AV:A) is necessary, meaning the attacker must be able to communicate with the device over a network. The CVSS v4.0 score of 8.5 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with high scope and vector complexity low. No patches or known exploits are currently reported, but the vulnerability's nature and impact make it a critical concern for affected environments, especially industrial control systems relying on these devices.

For European organizations, particularly those in industrial automation, energy management, and critical infrastructure sectors, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Circutor's SGE-PLC1000 and SGE-PLC50 devices are used for power monitoring and control, often integrated into industrial control systems (ICS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) environments. Exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to manipulation of power monitoring data, disruption of energy management processes, or complete device failure. This could result in operational downtime, safety hazards, financial losses, and compromise of sensitive operational data. Given the critical nature of power infrastructure in Europe, successful exploitation could have cascading effects on industrial productivity and public safety. The requirement for network access but no user interaction means attackers could remotely target these devices if exposed or reachable within internal networks, increasing the attack surface.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on network segmentation and restricting access to Circutor devices, ensuring they are not directly accessible from untrusted networks or the internet. 2. Implement strict firewall rules and access control lists (ACLs) to limit communication to trusted management hosts only. 3. Monitor network traffic for anomalous or unexpected requests targeting the 'meter' parameter or the affected services. 4. Engage with Circutor or authorized vendors to obtain firmware updates or patches addressing this vulnerability; if unavailable, request vendor guidance or workarounds. 5. If patching is delayed, consider deploying intrusion prevention systems (IPS) with custom signatures to detect and block exploit attempts targeting this buffer overflow. 6. Conduct thorough inventory and asset management to identify all affected devices within the organization. 7. Train operational technology (OT) security teams to recognize signs of exploitation and respond promptly. 8. Regularly back up device configurations and critical data to enable recovery in case of compromise.