CVE-2025-11782 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Circutor's SGE-PLC1000 and SGE-PLC50 devices, specifically in version 9.0.2. The vulnerability arises from the 'ShowDownload()' function, which uses the unsafe 'sprintf()' function to format a string that incorporates user-controlled input obtained via 'GetParameter(meter)'. This input is copied into a fixed-size buffer 'acStack_4c' of 64 bytes without any bounds checking. An attacker can exploit this by supplying an input string longer than 64 bytes for the 'meter' parameter, causing a buffer overflow on the stack. This overflow can overwrite adjacent memory, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or other unpredictable behavior. The vulnerability requires low attack complexity, no user interaction, and only low privileges, but does require network access to the device interface. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with high scope and attack vector being adjacent network. No patches or known exploits are currently available, but the vulnerability has been publicly disclosed and assigned a high severity rating. The flaw is categorized under CWE-121, a common and dangerous class of memory safety errors. Circutor devices are typically used in industrial and energy management contexts, making this vulnerability particularly critical for operational technology environments.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-11782 can be significant, especially for those in critical infrastructure sectors such as energy, manufacturing, and utilities that deploy Circutor SGE-PLC1000 or SGE-PLC50 devices. Exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause device malfunctions, potentially disrupting energy monitoring and control systems. This could lead to operational downtime, inaccurate energy data reporting, or even safety hazards if control systems behave unpredictably. The partial loss of confidentiality could expose sensitive operational data, while integrity and availability impacts could undermine trust in the affected systems. Given the increasing reliance on smart grid and industrial IoT devices in Europe, this vulnerability poses a risk to both business continuity and national infrastructure security. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, the ease of exploitation and high impact necessitate proactive mitigation to prevent potential attacks.

To mitigate CVE-2025-11782, European organizations should first verify if their Circutor SGE-PLC1000 or SGE-PLC50 devices are running version 9.0.2 and prioritize upgrading to a patched version once available. In the absence of an official patch, organizations should implement strict network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of device management interfaces to trusted personnel and systems only. Employing firewall rules to restrict access to the devices' network ports and using VPNs or secure tunnels for remote management can reduce attack surface. Additionally, monitoring network traffic for unusually long or malformed 'meter' parameter requests can help detect attempted exploitation. Vendors and integrators should be engaged to provide firmware updates or workarounds, such as disabling vulnerable functions or applying input validation at the network perimeter. Regular security audits and penetration testing focused on industrial control systems will help identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities proactively.