CVE-2025-11899: CWE-321 Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key in Flowring Technology Agentflow
Agentflow developed by Flowring has an Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit the fixed key to generate verification information, thereby logging into the system as any user. Attacker must first obtain an user ID in order to exploit this vulnerability.
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
CVE-2025-11899 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-321, indicating the use of a hard-coded cryptographic key within Flowring Technology's Agentflow product, specifically version 4.0. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit a fixed cryptographic key embedded in the software to generate valid verification tokens or information. This capability enables attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms and log into the system as any user, provided they first obtain a valid user ID. The flaw arises because the cryptographic key, which should be unique and securely stored, is hard-coded and thus predictable and reusable by attackers. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS 4.0 score of 9.2, reflecting a critical severity level due to its network attack vector, low attack complexity, no required privileges or user interaction, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patches or fixes have been published yet, and no known exploits are reported in the wild, but the vulnerability's nature makes it highly exploitable once weaponized. The flaw compromises the core authentication process, potentially allowing attackers to impersonate any user, escalate privileges, and access sensitive data or disrupt services. This vulnerability affects only version 4.0 of Agentflow, and organizations using this version should consider it a high-priority security risk.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-11899 is severe. Unauthorized access to Agentflow systems can lead to full compromise of user accounts, including administrative or privileged users, resulting in data breaches, unauthorized data manipulation, and potential disruption of business operations. Given Agentflow's role in enterprise environments, attackers could leverage this vulnerability to move laterally within networks, exfiltrate sensitive information, or deploy further malware. The lack of authentication requirements and no need for user interaction increase the likelihood of automated exploitation attempts. Critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and industrial control systems using Agentflow are particularly at risk. The breach of confidentiality and integrity could lead to regulatory non-compliance under GDPR and other European data protection laws, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Additionally, the availability of systems could be impacted if attackers disrupt services or lock out legitimate users. The vulnerability's exploitation could also damage organizational reputation and trust.
Mitigation Recommendations
Since no official patches or updates are currently available, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. These include restricting network access to Agentflow services by implementing strict firewall rules and network segmentation to limit exposure to trusted hosts only. Organizations should enforce strong monitoring and logging of authentication attempts and anomalous activities related to Agentflow, enabling rapid detection of exploitation attempts. Employ multi-factor authentication (MFA) at the network or application layer where possible to add an additional barrier beyond the compromised cryptographic key. Conduct thorough audits of user accounts and privilege levels to minimize the impact of potential account compromise. Engage with Flowring Technology for timelines on patches and apply updates as soon as they are released. Consider temporary disabling or isolating Agentflow 4.0 instances if feasible until a fix is available. Educate security teams about this vulnerability and prepare incident response plans tailored to potential exploitation scenarios. Finally, review and enhance cryptographic key management policies to prevent similar issues in future deployments.
Affected Countries
Germany, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Sweden, Switzerland
CVE-2025-11899: CWE-321 Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key in Flowring Technology Agentflow
Description
Agentflow developed by Flowring has an Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit the fixed key to generate verification information, thereby logging into the system as any user. Attacker must first obtain an user ID in order to exploit this vulnerability.
AI-Powered Analysis
Technical Analysis
CVE-2025-11899 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-321, indicating the use of a hard-coded cryptographic key within Flowring Technology's Agentflow product, specifically version 4.0. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit a fixed cryptographic key embedded in the software to generate valid verification tokens or information. This capability enables attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms and log into the system as any user, provided they first obtain a valid user ID. The flaw arises because the cryptographic key, which should be unique and securely stored, is hard-coded and thus predictable and reusable by attackers. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS 4.0 score of 9.2, reflecting a critical severity level due to its network attack vector, low attack complexity, no required privileges or user interaction, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patches or fixes have been published yet, and no known exploits are reported in the wild, but the vulnerability's nature makes it highly exploitable once weaponized. The flaw compromises the core authentication process, potentially allowing attackers to impersonate any user, escalate privileges, and access sensitive data or disrupt services. This vulnerability affects only version 4.0 of Agentflow, and organizations using this version should consider it a high-priority security risk.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-11899 is severe. Unauthorized access to Agentflow systems can lead to full compromise of user accounts, including administrative or privileged users, resulting in data breaches, unauthorized data manipulation, and potential disruption of business operations. Given Agentflow's role in enterprise environments, attackers could leverage this vulnerability to move laterally within networks, exfiltrate sensitive information, or deploy further malware. The lack of authentication requirements and no need for user interaction increase the likelihood of automated exploitation attempts. Critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and industrial control systems using Agentflow are particularly at risk. The breach of confidentiality and integrity could lead to regulatory non-compliance under GDPR and other European data protection laws, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Additionally, the availability of systems could be impacted if attackers disrupt services or lock out legitimate users. The vulnerability's exploitation could also damage organizational reputation and trust.
Mitigation Recommendations
Since no official patches or updates are currently available, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. These include restricting network access to Agentflow services by implementing strict firewall rules and network segmentation to limit exposure to trusted hosts only. Organizations should enforce strong monitoring and logging of authentication attempts and anomalous activities related to Agentflow, enabling rapid detection of exploitation attempts. Employ multi-factor authentication (MFA) at the network or application layer where possible to add an additional barrier beyond the compromised cryptographic key. Conduct thorough audits of user accounts and privilege levels to minimize the impact of potential account compromise. Engage with Flowring Technology for timelines on patches and apply updates as soon as they are released. Consider temporary disabling or isolating Agentflow 4.0 instances if feasible until a fix is available. Educate security teams about this vulnerability and prepare incident response plans tailored to potential exploitation scenarios. Finally, review and enhance cryptographic key management policies to prevent similar issues in future deployments.
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Technical Details
- Data Version
- 5.1
- Assigner Short Name
- twcert
- Date Reserved
- 2025-10-17T02:18:34.734Z
- Cvss Version
- 4.0
- State
- PUBLISHED
Threat ID: 68f1bf5fc417520e4ddfcc02
Added to database: 10/17/2025, 4:00:31 AM
Last enriched: 10/17/2025, 4:01:05 AM
Last updated: 10/19/2025, 4:32:21 AM
Views: 36
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