The vulnerability CVE-2025-12257 affects SourceCodester Online Student Result System version 1.0, specifically the /view_result.php script. The issue arises from improper handling of the 'ID' parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries without adequate sanitization or parameterization, leading to SQL injection. This allows remote attackers to inject malicious SQL code, potentially extracting sensitive student data, altering records, or disrupting database operations. The attack vector is network-based, requiring no authentication or user interaction, which increases the risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9 reflects a medium severity, considering the vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability with low complexity and no privileges required. Although no exploits have been observed in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability and exploit details increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The lack of official patches or vendor advisories necessitates immediate mitigation efforts by users of this software. SQL injection remains a critical web application security issue, often exploited to gain unauthorized access or escalate privileges, making this vulnerability a significant risk for affected organizations.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using SourceCodester Online Student Result System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive student information, including grades and personal data. Exploitation could lead to data breaches violating GDPR requirements, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Integrity of student records could be compromised, undermining trust in educational processes. Availability of the system could also be affected if attackers execute destructive SQL commands or cause denial-of-service conditions. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack vector increases the likelihood of exploitation by opportunistic attackers or more sophisticated threat actors. The impact extends beyond data loss to reputational damage and potential disruption of academic operations. Given the sensitive nature of educational data and strict European data protection laws, the consequences of exploitation could be severe for affected institutions.

Organizations should immediately audit their use of SourceCodester Online Student Result System 1.0 and identify any deployments of the vulnerable /view_result.php component. Since no official patches are available, mitigation should focus on applying secure coding practices: refactor the code to use parameterized queries or prepared statements to handle the 'ID' parameter safely. Implement web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection and prevention rules as a temporary protective measure. Restrict network access to the affected system to trusted IP ranges where possible. Conduct thorough input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data. Regularly monitor logs for suspicious SQL query patterns or unusual database activity. Consider migrating to alternative, actively maintained student result management systems with better security postures. Educate developers and administrators about secure coding and patch management to prevent similar vulnerabilities. Finally, ensure compliance with GDPR by promptly reporting any data breaches resulting from exploitation.