VulnerabilityPublished 27 Oct 2025

CVE-2025-12268: LearnHouse · Unrestricted Upload

Affects LearnHouseSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.3 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 09:15 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 35% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 27 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-12268 effectively, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Immediately restrict file upload functionality by enforcing strict file type whitelisting and validating file contents beyond just extensions, using MIME type checks and content scanning. 2) Apply server-side validation and sanitization of all inputs related to file uploads, particularly the 'thumbnail' parameter, to prevent injection of malicious payloads. 3) Isolate the upload directory with minimal permissions and disable execution rights to prevent uploaded files from being executed as code. 4) Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual upload activity or attempts to exploit the endpoint, using IDS/IPS and SIEM tools configured to detect anomalous behavior. 5) If possible, deploy web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to block suspicious upload requests targeting the vulnerable API endpoint. 6) Engage with the LearnHouse vendor or community to obtain updates or patches as soon as they become available, and plan for rapid deployment. 7) Conduct internal security assessments and penetration tests focusing on file upload functionalities to identify any residual weaknesses. 8) Educate administrators and users on the risks of uploading untrusted content and enforce least privilege principles on platform access. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice and address the specific nature of this vulnerability in LearnHouse.

Description

A vulnerability has been found in LearnHouse up to 98dfad76aad70711a8113f6c1fdabfccf10509ca. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /api/v1/courses/ of the component Course Thumbnail Handler. The manipulation of the argument thumbnail leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Impact

For European organizations, the unrestricted upload vulnerability in LearnHouse presents a significant risk, particularly for educational institutions, training providers, and enterprises using the platform for internal or external learning. Exploitation could allow attackers to upload malicious payloads, leading to remote code execution, data breaches, or service disruption. This could compromise the confidentiality of student or employee data, integrity of course content, and availability of the learning platform. Given the remote, unauthenticated nature of the attack, threat actors could automate exploitation attempts at scale. The impact is heightened in Europe due to stringent data protection regulations like GDPR, where breaches could result in heavy fines and reputational damage. Additionally, the lack of vendor response and patch availability increases the window of exposure. Organizations with limited security monitoring or outdated deployment practices are especially vulnerable. The threat also undermines trust in digital education platforms, which are critical in the European digital transformation and remote learning initiatives.

Summary

CVE-2025-12268 is a vulnerability identified in the LearnHouse platform, specifically within the Course Thumbnail Handler component accessed via the /api/v1/courses/ endpoint. The issue arises from improper validation of the 'thumbnail' argument, which allows an attacker to upload arbitrary files without restriction. Since LearnHouse employs a rolling release model, pinpointing affected versions is challenging, but the vulnerability is confirmed in the commit 98dfad76aad70711a8113f6c1fdabfccf10509ca. The flaw enables remote attackers to upload potentially malicious files without requiring authentication or user interaction, increasing the attack surface. The CVSS 4.0 score of 5.3 reflects a medium severity, considering the vulnerability's ease of exploitation (network attack vector, low attack complexity) but limited scope of impact (partial confidentiality, integrity, and availability). The vendor has not issued a patch or responded to disclosure, and no known exploits have been observed in the wild yet. The unrestricted upload could lead to remote code execution, unauthorized data access, or denial of service if exploited, especially if the uploaded files are executed or processed by the server. The vulnerability affects organizations relying on LearnHouse for course management and digital education delivery, potentially exposing sensitive educational content and infrastructure.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 3 Nov 2025, 12:24 UTC

Technical details

References

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