CVE-2025-12277 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the Abdullah-Hasan-Sajjad Online-School software, specifically in the /studentLogin.php endpoint where the Email parameter is vulnerable to injection attacks. This vulnerability arises due to insufficient input validation and improper handling of user-supplied data, allowing attackers to manipulate SQL queries executed by the backend database. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), requiring no privileges (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and no authentication, making it remotely exploitable by any unauthenticated attacker. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability with low vector and impact complexity, as indicated by the CVSS 4.0 vector (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L). The vendor employs a rolling release strategy but has not responded to early disclosure, and no official patch is currently available. Public exploit code has been published, increasing the likelihood of exploitation. The vulnerability could allow attackers to extract sensitive student data, modify records, or disrupt service availability, posing significant risks to educational institutions relying on this platform. Given the nature of the software—an online school platform—the impact extends to privacy violations and potential regulatory non-compliance under data protection laws such as GDPR.

For European organizations, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of student and staff data managed by the affected online school platform. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to personal information, academic records, and potentially financial data, resulting in privacy breaches and reputational damage. The integrity of educational records could be compromised, affecting academic outcomes and trust in the institution. Availability impacts could disrupt online learning services, causing operational downtime and affecting students' education continuity. Additionally, organizations may face regulatory penalties under GDPR due to inadequate protection of personal data. The public availability of exploit code increases the risk of opportunistic attacks, especially targeting institutions with limited cybersecurity resources. The lack of vendor response and patch availability exacerbates the threat, requiring organizations to implement compensating controls promptly.

1. Immediately implement input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data, especially the Email parameter in /studentLogin.php, to prevent injection of malicious SQL code. 2. Refactor database queries to use parameterized statements or prepared queries, eliminating direct concatenation of user inputs into SQL commands. 3. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint. 4. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing of the entire application to identify and remediate any additional injection points. 5. Monitor database logs and application logs for unusual query patterns or failed login attempts indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Isolate the affected application environment and restrict database user privileges to the minimum necessary to limit potential damage. 7. Engage with the vendor or community to track patch releases or updates and plan for timely application of official fixes once available. 8. Educate IT and security teams on the vulnerability details and ensure incident response plans include scenarios involving SQL injection attacks on educational platforms.