CVE-2025-12277 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the Abdullah-Hasan-Sajjad Online-School software, affecting versions up to commit f09dda77b4c29aa083ff57f4b1eb991b98b68883. The vulnerability resides in the /studentLogin.php script, where the Email parameter is not properly sanitized or validated, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL code. This injection flaw can be exploited remotely without authentication or user interaction, enabling attackers to manipulate backend database queries. Potential consequences include unauthorized data access, data modification, or deletion, and possibly full system compromise depending on database privileges. The product uses a rolling release strategy, but the vendor has not responded to vulnerability disclosure, and no patches or mitigations have been published. The CVSS 4.0 score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and partial impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. While no active exploitation in the wild is reported, a public exploit exists, increasing the urgency for affected organizations to act. The vulnerability is critical for educational institutions relying on this platform for student login and data management, as it threatens sensitive personal and academic information.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using Abdullah-Hasan-Sajjad Online-School, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to student records, personal data, and academic results, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. Integrity of data could be compromised, affecting academic assessments and institutional reputation. Availability impacts could disrupt online learning services, especially critical during remote education periods. The lack of vendor response and patch availability increases exposure time, raising the likelihood of attacks. Additionally, the public exploit availability lowers the barrier for attackers, including cybercriminals and state-sponsored actors targeting educational infrastructure. The breach of sensitive data could lead to legal penalties, financial losses, and erosion of trust among students and staff. European organizations must consider these impacts in their risk management and incident response planning.

Immediate mitigation should focus on input validation and sanitization of the Email parameter in /studentLogin.php to prevent SQL injection. Implementing parameterized queries or prepared statements is essential to eliminate injection vectors. Organizations should conduct code audits to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities elsewhere in the application. Network-level protections such as Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) can provide temporary defense by detecting and blocking SQL injection attempts. Monitoring logs for suspicious database queries and login anomalies can aid early detection of exploitation attempts. Given the vendor's non-responsiveness, organizations should consider isolating the affected system or restricting access until a patch or secure update is available. Regular backups and incident response readiness are critical to mitigate potential data loss or corruption. Collaboration with cybersecurity authorities and sharing threat intelligence within the education sector can enhance collective defense.