CVE-2025-12292 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in SourceCodester Point of Sales version 1.0, located in the /index.php file where the Username parameter is improperly sanitized. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject malicious SQL commands by manipulating the Username argument, potentially enabling unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion within the backend database. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or privileges, making it straightforward to exploit over the network. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates no authentication (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and low complexity (AC:L), with partial impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Although no public patches or exploits are currently documented, the public disclosure increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is used primarily in small to medium retail environments. The lack of secure coding practices around input validation and query construction is the root cause. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability could extract sensitive customer data, manipulate sales records, or disrupt POS operations, leading to financial and reputational damage.

For European organizations, especially retailers using SourceCodester Point of Sales 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to customer data confidentiality and transaction integrity. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of payment information, customer identities, and sales data, violating GDPR requirements and resulting in regulatory penalties. Integrity violations could allow attackers to alter sales records, causing financial discrepancies and undermining trust. Availability impacts might disrupt point-of-sale operations, leading to business interruptions and revenue loss. Given the remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack, threat actors can easily target exposed POS systems, increasing the risk of widespread compromise. The medium severity rating reflects the moderate but tangible risk to business continuity and data protection. European retailers with limited cybersecurity resources may be particularly vulnerable, and the public disclosure may attract opportunistic attackers.

Organizations should immediately audit their SourceCodester Point of Sales installations to identify version 1.0 deployments. Since no official patch is currently available, developers or administrators must implement input validation and sanitization on the Username parameter, preferably by adopting parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. Network-level controls should restrict external access to the POS system, limiting it to trusted internal networks or VPNs. Deploy web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection rules to block malicious payloads targeting the Username parameter. Continuous monitoring of database query logs and POS system behavior can help detect exploitation attempts. Organizations should also prepare incident response plans for potential data breaches and consider upgrading to newer, secure POS software versions once available. Regular security training for staff managing POS systems is recommended to maintain awareness of emerging threats.