CVE-2025-12312 identifies a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the PHPGurukul Curfew e-Pass Management System version 1.0, specifically within the view-pass-detail.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of user-controllable inputs, namely the Fullname and Category parameters, which are reflected in the web page without adequate encoding or filtering. This allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code that executes in the context of the victim's browser when they view the manipulated page. The attack vector is remote and does not require authentication, but it does require user interaction, such as clicking on a maliciously crafted URL. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:H indicates high privileges required, but this conflicts with the description; likely a data inconsistency, so we consider the description), user interaction required (UI:P), and low impact on confidentiality and integrity but no impact on availability. The vulnerability can be exploited to perform session hijacking, steal cookies, or conduct phishing attacks by impersonating legitimate user interfaces. Although no active exploits are reported in the wild, the availability of proof-of-concept code increases the risk of exploitation. The lack of official patches at the time of publication necessitates immediate attention to input validation and output encoding best practices. This vulnerability is particularly relevant for organizations relying on the PHPGurukul Curfew e-Pass Management System for managing movement permissions during curfews or lockdowns, as exploitation could undermine trust and security of access control processes.

For European organizations, the impact of this XSS vulnerability can be significant, especially for government agencies or municipalities using the PHPGurukul Curfew e-Pass Management System to regulate citizen movement during emergencies. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive user data, session hijacking, and the potential spread of malware through injected scripts. This undermines the confidentiality and integrity of personal data and could disrupt critical public services. Additionally, successful attacks may erode public trust in digital government services and complicate enforcement of curfew regulations. The medium severity rating reflects moderate risk, but the potential for social engineering and phishing campaigns leveraging this vulnerability could amplify its impact. Organizations handling large volumes of personal data or operating in high-security environments are particularly at risk. Furthermore, the remote attack vector and lack of required authentication increase the likelihood of exploitation if mitigations are not promptly implemented.

To mitigate CVE-2025-12312, organizations should immediately review and harden input validation and output encoding mechanisms in the view-pass-detail.php file, specifically for the Fullname and Category parameters. Employ context-aware output encoding (e.g., HTML entity encoding) to neutralize malicious scripts before rendering user inputs. Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers. Conduct thorough code audits to identify and remediate similar XSS vulnerabilities in other parts of the application. If possible, isolate the e-pass management system behind web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block XSS payloads. Educate users about the risks of clicking unknown links and encourage the use of updated browsers with built-in XSS protections. Monitor web server logs for suspicious requests targeting the vulnerable parameters. Engage with PHPGurukul or the software vendor to obtain official patches or updates and apply them promptly once available. Finally, consider implementing multi-factor authentication to reduce the impact of session hijacking attacks.