CVE-2025-12381 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-269 (Improper Privilege Management) affecting AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer on Linux 64-bit platforms, specifically versions A33.0 up to build 320 and A33.10 up to build 220. The flaw arises because a local user with command line access can abuse parameters of a command that is permitted in the sudoers file to escalate their privileges beyond their intended scope. This means that although the user initially has limited privileges, they can manipulate command parameters to gain higher-level access, potentially root-level, on the system. The vulnerability requires the attacker to have some level of local access and partial user interaction, but the attack complexity is low, making exploitation feasible in environments where local user access is possible. The impact primarily affects system integrity and availability, as unauthorized privilege escalation can lead to unauthorized system modifications, disabling of security controls, or disruption of services. Confidentiality impact is limited since the vulnerability does not directly expose sensitive data. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 score of 6.1, reflecting medium severity. No public exploits or active exploitation campaigns have been reported to date. This vulnerability highlights the risks of improper sudoers configurations and the importance of parameter validation in commands allowed for privilege escalation. Organizations using the affected AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer versions should assess their sudoers configurations and apply patches or mitigations once available.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially in environments where AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer is deployed on Linux servers and where multiple users have local access. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized privilege escalation, enabling attackers to modify firewall policies, disable security monitoring, or disrupt network security management processes. This can compromise the integrity of firewall configurations and potentially lead to broader network security breaches. The impact on availability could manifest as denial of service if critical firewall management functions are disrupted. Although confidentiality impact is limited, the integrity and availability consequences can have cascading effects on organizational security posture, compliance with regulations such as GDPR, and operational continuity. Organizations in sectors with stringent security requirements, such as finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, are particularly at risk. The lack of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the medium severity rating underscores the need for timely response.

1. Immediately review and restrict sudoers file entries related to AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer commands to ensure that parameters cannot be abused for privilege escalation. 2. Limit local user access to only trusted personnel and enforce strict access controls on Linux systems hosting AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer. 3. Monitor and audit command executions involving sudo privileges to detect anomalous parameter usage. 4. Apply any patches or updates released by AlgoSec addressing this vulnerability as soon as they become available. 5. Implement application whitelisting and endpoint protection to prevent unauthorized execution of commands. 6. Use Linux security modules (e.g., SELinux or AppArmor) to enforce mandatory access controls that can limit the impact of privilege escalation attempts. 7. Conduct regular security training for administrators and users on the risks of improper privilege management and the importance of secure sudo configurations. 8. Consider isolating AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer on dedicated hardened hosts with minimal user access to reduce attack surface.