VulnerabilityPublished 10 Nov 2025Updated 12 Nov 2025

CVE-2025-12445: Google Chrome · Policy Bypass

Affects Google ChromeSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.5 Medium : upgrade to 142.0.7444.59 when convenient.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 17:16 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.5Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 3% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 142.0.7444.59

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 10 Nov 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade Google Chrome to 142.0.7444.59.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Google Chrome	Affected =142.0.7444.59 <142.0.7444.59	Fixed in 142.0.7444.59

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-12445, European organizations should immediately update all Chrome installations to version 142.0.7444.59 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. Implement centralized management of Chrome extensions through enterprise policies that restrict installation to approved extensions only, preventing users from installing unvetted or malicious extensions. Employ browser security configurations that disable or limit extension capabilities, especially those that request cross-origin permissions. Conduct user awareness training focused on the risks of installing unauthorized browser extensions and recognizing social engineering attempts. Use endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting and blocking malicious extensions or unusual browser behaviors. Regularly audit installed extensions across organizational devices to identify and remove unauthorized ones. Monitor network traffic for unusual data exfiltration patterns that could indicate exploitation attempts. Finally, maintain an up-to-date inventory of browser versions and extension policies to ensure compliance with security standards.

Description

Policy bypass in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to leak cross-origin data via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: Low)

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-12445 is the potential leakage of sensitive cross-origin data through malicious Chrome extensions. This can lead to unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, intellectual property, or personal data, potentially violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. The integrity of data accessed via Chrome extensions may also be compromised, undermining trust in web applications and internal systems. Since the vulnerability does not affect availability, denial-of-service impacts are unlikely. However, the ease of exploitation—requiring only user installation of a malicious extension—means that phishing or social engineering campaigns could be effective attack vectors. Organizations with employees who install extensions without strict controls are particularly at risk. The widespread use of Chrome in European enterprises, government agencies, and critical infrastructure sectors amplifies the potential impact. Data leakage incidents could result in regulatory fines, reputational damage, and operational disruptions. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits post-disclosure.

CWE-288Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessOWASP Top 10 A07:2025: Authentication Failures (opens in a new tab)
The product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
Architecture and Design
Funnel all access through a single choke point to simplify how users can access a resource. For every access, perform a check to determine if the user has permissions to access the resource.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
OWASP Authentication (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V1.2.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.2.2 (opens in a new tab)
V1.2.4 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Directory Indexing (opens in a new tab)
Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 17 Nov 2025, 20:58 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-288

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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