CVE-2025-12604 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the itsourcecode Online Loan Management System version 1.0, specifically in the /load_fields.php script. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the loan_id parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries without adequate validation or parameterization. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion within the backend database. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9 reflects a medium severity, considering the attack vector is network-based with low attack complexity and no privileges or user interaction required. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited but non-negligible, as indicated by the partial impact metrics. Although no known exploits are currently active in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The lack of available patches or official vendor mitigation guidance necessitates that organizations implement immediate compensating controls. The vulnerability is particularly critical for financial institutions relying on this loan management system, as it could expose sensitive customer financial data or disrupt loan processing operations.

For European organizations, especially financial institutions and loan service providers using the itsourcecode Online Loan Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive customer information, including loan details and personal data, potentially violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. Integrity of loan records could be compromised, leading to fraudulent loan approvals or denials, financial loss, and reputational damage. Availability impacts could disrupt loan processing services, affecting business continuity. Given the financial sector's critical role in the European economy, such disruptions could have cascading effects. Additionally, regulatory scrutiny and potential fines could arise from breaches caused by exploitation of this vulnerability. The medium severity rating suggests that while the threat is serious, it may not lead to full system compromise but still requires urgent remediation to prevent exploitation.

1. Immediately implement input validation and sanitization for the loan_id parameter in /load_fields.php to prevent injection of malicious SQL code. 2. Refactor the application code to use parameterized queries or prepared statements instead of dynamic SQL concatenation. 3. Conduct a thorough code audit of the entire application to identify and remediate any other potential injection points. 4. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the loan_id parameter. 5. Monitor application logs for suspicious query patterns or repeated failed attempts to exploit this vulnerability. 6. Isolate and restrict database user permissions to limit the impact of any successful injection attack. 7. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop official patches or updates. 8. Educate development and security teams about secure coding practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities in future releases. 9. Prepare an incident response plan specific to SQL injection attacks to quickly contain and remediate any exploitation attempts.