CVE-2025-12931 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in SourceCodester Food Ordering System version 1.0, specifically within the /routers/edit-orders.php endpoint. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation or sanitization of the 'ID' parameter, which is used in SQL queries to edit orders. An attacker with low-level privileges can remotely manipulate this parameter to inject arbitrary SQL code, potentially allowing unauthorized access to the backend database. This can lead to unauthorized data retrieval, modification, or deletion, compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system's data. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require the attacker to have some level of access (low privileges), which might be obtained through other means or default credentials. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Although no active exploits have been reported in the wild, a public exploit is available, increasing the risk of exploitation. The lack of official patches or updates necessitates immediate mitigation efforts by organizations using this software. Given the nature of the system—a food ordering platform—successful exploitation could lead to exposure or manipulation of customer orders, payment information, or operational disruption.

For European organizations, especially those in the food service and hospitality sectors using SourceCodester Food Ordering System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data exposure and manipulation. Attackers could extract sensitive customer data, alter order details, or disrupt service availability, leading to reputational damage, financial loss, and regulatory penalties under GDPR. The medium severity reflects limited but tangible risks, particularly if attackers chain this vulnerability with others to escalate privileges. The impact is heightened in SMEs that may lack robust cybersecurity defenses. Additionally, disruption of order processing could affect supply chains and customer satisfaction. Since the vulnerability can be exploited remotely, organizations with internet-facing installations are particularly vulnerable. The absence of known active exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, especially given the public availability of exploit code.

Organizations should immediately audit their SourceCodester Food Ordering System installations to identify affected versions (1.0). In the absence of official patches, implement strict input validation and parameterized queries in the /routers/edit-orders.php file to prevent SQL injection. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious SQL injection attempts targeting the 'ID' parameter. Restrict network access to the application backend, limiting exposure to trusted IPs where feasible. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on injection flaws. Monitor logs for unusual database query patterns or failed injection attempts. Educate staff on secure coding practices if in-house development or customization is performed. Consider migrating to updated or alternative food ordering platforms with active security support. Finally, ensure backups are current and tested to enable recovery in case of data compromise.