CVE-2025-13267 identifies a SQL Injection vulnerability in the SourceCodester Dental Clinic Appointment Reservation System version 1.0, specifically within the /success.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization and validation of input parameters 'username' and 'password', which are directly used in SQL queries. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject malicious SQL code, potentially enabling unauthorized data retrieval, modification, or deletion within the backend database. The attack vector requires no user interaction and can be executed over the network, making it highly accessible. The CVSS 4.0 score of 5.3 reflects a medium severity, considering the low attack complexity and no required privileges, but limited impact scope and partial confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Although no known exploits are currently active in the wild, public availability of exploit code increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is used primarily by dental clinics for managing appointment reservations and patient data. The lack of patches or vendor advisories necessitates immediate remediation by users. The vulnerability could lead to exposure of sensitive patient information, unauthorized appointment modifications, or denial of service, undermining trust and compliance with data protection regulations.

For European organizations, particularly dental clinics and healthcare providers using the affected system, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive patient records, including personal and medical information, violating GDPR and other privacy regulations. Data integrity could be compromised by unauthorized modifications to appointment schedules or patient data, disrupting clinical operations and patient care. Availability of the appointment system could be affected, causing service interruptions and operational delays. Such incidents could result in reputational damage, regulatory fines, and legal liabilities. Given the healthcare sector's critical role and the sensitivity of patient data, the impact extends beyond individual clinics to broader public health concerns. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is not the most critical, it still requires timely mitigation to prevent exploitation, especially as exploit code is publicly available and the attack requires no authentication or user interaction.

To mitigate this vulnerability, affected organizations should immediately audit and update the /success.php file to implement parameterized queries or prepared statements, eliminating direct concatenation of user inputs in SQL commands. Input validation should be enforced to restrict the format and length of username and password fields. Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL Injection detection rules can provide an additional layer of defense. Organizations should monitor logs for suspicious activities related to SQL errors or unusual query patterns. Regular backups of the database should be maintained to enable recovery in case of data tampering. If possible, restrict network access to the appointment system to trusted IP ranges and enforce strong authentication mechanisms. Since no official patches are available, organizations might consider migrating to alternative, secure appointment systems or contacting the vendor for updates. Finally, staff training on cybersecurity best practices and incident response readiness is essential to minimize impact.