CVE-2025-13285 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the itsourcecode Online Voting System version 1.0, specifically within the /login.php file's handling of the Username parameter. SQL injection occurs when user-supplied input is improperly sanitized and directly incorporated into SQL queries, allowing attackers to manipulate the database commands executed by the system. In this case, the vulnerability enables remote attackers to inject malicious SQL code without requiring authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:N). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a low level but is exploitable with low complexity. The presence of a publicly available exploit increases the likelihood of exploitation despite no current reports of active attacks. The affected system is an online voting platform, which is critical infrastructure for democratic processes. Exploitation could allow attackers to bypass authentication, retrieve sensitive voter data, alter vote counts, or disrupt the voting process entirely. The vulnerability's medium CVSS score (6.9) reflects these risks. No official patches have been published yet, increasing urgency for mitigation. The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on November 17, 2025, and is cataloged under CVE-2025-13285.

For European organizations, especially electoral commissions and government bodies using the itsourcecode Online Voting System, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to voter databases, manipulation of election results, and disruption of voting services, undermining democratic integrity and public trust. Data breaches could expose personally identifiable information of voters, violating GDPR and other privacy regulations, resulting in legal and financial repercussions. The availability impact could cause denial of service during critical election periods, affecting voter participation and confidence. The medium severity rating suggests moderate but tangible risks, particularly given the critical nature of voting systems. The public availability of an exploit increases the threat landscape, potentially attracting attackers ranging from hacktivists to nation-state actors interested in influencing elections or causing political instability within Europe.

Immediate mitigation steps include implementing strict input validation and sanitization for all user inputs, especially the Username parameter in /login.php. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection attacks. If possible, upgrade to a patched version of the itsourcecode Online Voting System once available. In the absence of official patches, consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting this vulnerability. Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing focused on injection flaws. Restrict database permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of any successful injection. Monitor logs for suspicious activities related to login attempts and SQL errors. Additionally, develop an incident response plan specific to election infrastructure to quickly address any exploitation attempts. Engage with the vendor for timely updates and advisories.