CVE-2025-13420 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the itsourcecode Human Resource Management System (HRMS) version 1.0. The flaw exists in the processing of the eventSubject parameter within the /src/store/EventStore.php file, where insufficient input sanitization allows an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to attackers. The SQL injection could enable attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive HR data stored in the backend database, potentially leading to data breaches or manipulation of employee records. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and low to limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no official patches have been linked yet, the public availability of exploit code increases the urgency for mitigation. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which may limit exposure but still poses a significant risk to organizations relying on this HRMS for critical personnel data management. The lack of authentication requirements and ease of exploitation make this a notable threat, especially in environments where the HRMS is exposed to external networks or insufficiently segmented internal networks.

For European organizations, the impact of this SQL injection vulnerability can be significant. Human Resource Management Systems typically store sensitive personal data, including employee identities, payroll information, and possibly health or legal records. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personal data, violating GDPR and other privacy regulations, resulting in legal penalties and reputational damage. Integrity of HR data could be compromised, affecting payroll accuracy, employee records, and operational decisions. Availability might also be impacted if attackers execute destructive SQL commands or cause database corruption. Organizations with internet-facing HRMS instances or weak network segmentation are particularly vulnerable. The public availability of exploit code increases the likelihood of opportunistic attacks, potentially targeting European companies with valuable employee data. Additionally, the medium severity rating suggests that while the impact is not critical, the ease of exploitation and data sensitivity elevate the risk profile. This vulnerability could also be leveraged as a foothold for further network intrusion or lateral movement within corporate environments.

To mitigate CVE-2025-13420, European organizations should take immediate and specific actions beyond generic advice: 1) Conduct a thorough code audit focusing on the /src/store/EventStore.php file to identify and fix the improper input validation of the eventSubject parameter. 2) Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection attacks. 3) Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary, limiting the potential damage from any successful injection. 4) If possible, isolate the HRMS system behind firewalls and restrict access to trusted internal networks only. 5) Monitor logs for unusual database queries or access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop patches for version 1.0 or consider upgrading to a newer, patched version if available. 7) Apply web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection rules tailored to the HRMS traffic. 8) Educate IT and security teams about the vulnerability and the importance of rapid response. 9) Perform regular backups of HR data to enable recovery in case of data corruption or loss. 10) Review and update incident response plans to include scenarios involving HRMS compromise.