CVE-2025-13449 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the code-projects Online Shop Project version 1.0, specifically within the /login.php endpoint. The vulnerability is triggered by improper sanitization of the Password parameter, which allows an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. This flaw can be exploited to manipulate backend database queries, potentially enabling unauthorized access to user credentials, extraction or modification of sensitive data, or disruption of database operations. The CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9 reflects a medium severity, considering the attack vector is network-based with low attack complexity and no privileges or user interaction required, but with limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no active exploits have been observed in the wild, the public availability of exploit code increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is an open-source or small-scale e-commerce platform, often used by small to medium enterprises. The lack of official patches or vendor advisories necessitates immediate manual remediation. The vulnerability underscores the critical importance of input validation and use of parameterized queries in web applications handling authentication. Organizations deploying this software should audit their codebase, restrict database permissions, and monitor for suspicious activity to mitigate risks.

The SQL injection vulnerability in the Online Shop Project can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive customer data, including login credentials and personal information, thereby compromising confidentiality. Attackers could also alter or delete data, impacting data integrity, or cause denial of service by disrupting database operations, affecting availability. For European organizations, especially those handling customer payments and personal data under GDPR, such breaches could result in significant regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and financial loss. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of widespread attacks, particularly against small and medium-sized enterprises that may lack robust security controls. Additionally, exploitation could serve as a foothold for further network compromise. The medium severity rating reflects these risks but also the limited scope since the vulnerability affects a specific product version and requires targeting the login functionality. Nonetheless, the public availability of exploit code elevates the threat level, necessitating prompt action to prevent exploitation.

1. Immediately review and sanitize all inputs in the /login.php file, especially the Password parameter, to prevent SQL injection. 2. Refactor database queries to use parameterized statements or prepared queries instead of dynamic SQL concatenation. 3. Implement strict input validation and encoding to reject malicious payloads. 4. Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of any injection. 5. Monitor application logs and database activity for unusual queries or failed login attempts indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. If possible, upgrade to a patched version of the software once available or apply community-provided patches. 7. Conduct a security audit of the entire codebase to identify and remediate similar injection flaws. 8. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection rules as an interim protective measure. 9. Educate developers on secure coding practices to prevent recurrence. 10. Ensure compliance with GDPR by promptly addressing vulnerabilities that could lead to data breaches.