CVE-2025-13628 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-862 (Missing Authorization) found in the Tutor LMS plugin for WordPress, a popular e-learning and online course solution. The issue arises because the plugin's 'bulk_action_handler' and 'coupon_permanent_delete' functions lack proper capability checks, allowing authenticated users with minimal privileges (subscriber level and above) to perform unauthorized actions on coupons. These actions include deleting, activating, deactivating, or trashing coupons arbitrarily. Since the vulnerability requires only authenticated access and no user interaction, an attacker who can log in with a subscriber account can exploit this flaw remotely. The CVSS v3.1 score is 4.3 (medium severity), reflecting the limited impact on confidentiality and availability but a clear impact on integrity. The vulnerability affects all versions up to 3.9.3 of Tutor LMS, with no patches currently linked or known exploits reported in the wild. The flaw could be leveraged to disrupt promotional campaigns, cause financial losses, or undermine trust in e-learning platforms by manipulating coupon codes. The root cause is the absence of authorization checks to verify if the user has the necessary permissions to perform coupon management operations, violating secure coding best practices for access control.

For European organizations using Tutor LMS, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to the integrity of their e-learning platform's promotional mechanisms. Unauthorized coupon deletion or activation could lead to financial losses due to misuse of discounts or invalidation of legitimate offers. It could also damage the organization's reputation if customers experience inconsistent or unfair coupon behavior. Since the vulnerability requires only subscriber-level authentication, attackers could exploit compromised or weak user accounts to manipulate coupons. Although the vulnerability does not directly affect confidentiality or availability, the integrity compromise could indirectly impact business operations and customer trust. Educational institutions, training providers, and corporate e-learning platforms in Europe that rely on Tutor LMS are at risk. The lack of known exploits in the wild suggests limited current exploitation, but the ease of exploitation and the widespread use of WordPress-based LMS solutions in Europe warrant proactive mitigation.

1. Upgrade Tutor LMS to the latest version once a patch addressing CVE-2025-13628 is released by the vendor. 2. Until an official patch is available, implement custom capability checks by modifying the plugin code or using WordPress hooks to restrict coupon management functions to trusted roles only (e.g., administrators). 3. Restrict subscriber-level users from accessing coupon management features by adjusting role permissions or using role management plugins. 4. Monitor logs and audit coupon-related activities regularly to detect unauthorized modifications. 5. Enforce strong authentication policies, including multi-factor authentication, to reduce the risk of account compromise. 6. Educate users about phishing and credential hygiene to prevent attackers from gaining subscriber-level access. 7. Consider isolating the LMS environment or limiting network access to trusted users to reduce exposure. 8. Backup coupon data regularly to enable recovery from unauthorized deletions.