CVE-2025-14578 identifies a SQL Injection vulnerability in the itsourcecode Student Management System version 1.0, located in the /update_account.php script. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'ID' parameter, which an attacker can manipulate to inject malicious SQL statements. This flaw allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database, potentially leading to unauthorized data disclosure, data modification, or deletion. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or privileges, making exploitation straightforward. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and partial impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no official patches or fixes have been released, the exploit code is publicly available, increasing the likelihood of exploitation. The Student Management System is typically deployed in educational environments to manage student data, making the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive personal and academic information at risk. The lack of scope change means the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component. Given the public availability of exploit code and the critical nature of educational data, this vulnerability demands prompt attention.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using the itsourcecode Student Management System, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive student and staff data, including personal identification, academic records, and possibly financial information. Data integrity could be compromised, allowing attackers to alter grades or enrollment information, undermining trust and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR. Availability impacts could disrupt administrative operations, affecting student services and institutional workflows. The medium CVSS score reflects partial impact, but the ease of remote exploitation without authentication elevates the threat level. Additionally, the public availability of exploit code increases the risk of opportunistic attacks. European organizations could face reputational damage, regulatory penalties, and operational disruptions if the vulnerability is exploited.

Immediate mitigation should focus on implementing robust input validation and sanitization for all parameters, especially the 'ID' parameter in /update_account.php. Employing parameterized queries or prepared statements will prevent SQL injection by separating code from data. Organizations should conduct thorough code reviews and vulnerability scans to identify similar injection points. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls (WAFs) can help detect and block SQL injection attempts. Restrict database user privileges to the minimum necessary to limit potential damage. Monitoring database logs and application behavior for unusual queries or access patterns is critical for early detection. Since no official patches are available, consider isolating the vulnerable system or applying temporary compensating controls until a vendor patch is released. Educate developers and administrators on secure coding practices to prevent future injection flaws.