CVE-2025-14662 is a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the Student File Management System version 1.0 developed by code-projects. The vulnerability exists in the /admin/update_user.php file, which handles user updates in the administrative interface. Specifically, the flaw arises from insufficient sanitization or encoding of user-supplied input before it is reflected in the web page, allowing an attacker to inject malicious scripts. The attack vector is remote and requires the attacker to have high-level privileges (authentication with administrative rights) and user interaction to trigger the malicious payload. The vulnerability does not require complex conditions to exploit (low attack complexity) and does not involve privilege escalation or availability impact. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 4.8, reflecting medium severity due to the need for authentication and user interaction, and limited impact on confidentiality and integrity. Although no known exploits are currently active in the wild, the public disclosure of exploit details increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability could be leveraged to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the administrator’s browser session, potentially leading to session hijacking, unauthorized actions, or data leakage within the Student File Management System environment.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions and administrative bodies using the affected Student File Management System, this vulnerability poses a risk to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive student and administrative data. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to hijack administrator sessions, manipulate user data, or inject malicious content that compromises system trustworthiness. Although the vulnerability requires authenticated access, insider threats or compromised credentials could facilitate exploitation. The impact includes potential data breaches, unauthorized modifications, and reputational damage. Given the critical role of student management systems in educational operations, disruption or compromise could affect compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR, leading to legal and financial consequences. The medium severity rating suggests a moderate risk, but the public availability of exploit information necessitates prompt attention to prevent targeted attacks.

To mitigate CVE-2025-14662, organizations should implement strict input validation and output encoding on the /admin/update_user.php page to neutralize malicious scripts. Employing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can help restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts. Access to the administrative interface should be limited using network segmentation, VPNs, or IP whitelisting to reduce exposure. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) should be enforced for all administrative accounts to mitigate risks from credential compromise. Regularly monitoring logs for unusual activity and failed login attempts can help detect exploitation attempts early. Since no official patch is currently available, organizations should consider applying custom fixes or workarounds, such as sanitizing inputs at the application or web server level. Additionally, educating administrators about phishing and social engineering risks can reduce the likelihood of credential theft leading to exploitation.