The identified vulnerability, CVE-2025-14666, affects the itsourcecode COVID Tracking System version 1.0, specifically an unknown function within the /admin/?page=user endpoint. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the Username parameter, enabling an attacker to perform SQL injection attacks remotely without authentication or user interaction. SQL injection allows attackers to manipulate backend database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or deletion, and in some cases, full system compromise. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and partial impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). The vulnerability is publicly disclosed with exploit code available, although no active exploitation in the wild has been reported yet. The lack of patches or official remediation increases the urgency for organizations to implement mitigations. This vulnerability is particularly concerning for COVID tracking systems, which handle sensitive personal health data and are critical for public health operations. Exploitation could lead to exposure of personal health information, manipulation of tracking data, or disruption of COVID response efforts. The vulnerability’s presence in an administrative interface increases the risk, as compromised admin access can lead to broader system control.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-14666 can be significant due to the sensitive nature of COVID tracking data, which often includes personally identifiable information (PII) and health status. Unauthorized access or data manipulation could violate GDPR regulations, leading to legal penalties and reputational damage. Disruption of COVID tracking systems could impair public health responses, affecting containment and monitoring efforts. The medium severity rating reflects partial but meaningful impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Since the vulnerability requires no authentication and no user interaction, it is easier for attackers to exploit remotely, increasing the risk of widespread attacks if the software is widely deployed. Organizations relying on this system for critical pandemic management may face operational disruptions and loss of trust from citizens and stakeholders.

To mitigate CVE-2025-14666, organizations should immediately implement input validation and sanitization on the Username parameter and all user-supplied inputs within the affected endpoint. Employing parameterized queries or prepared statements is essential to prevent SQL injection. Restrict access to the /admin interface using network-level controls such as VPNs, IP whitelisting, or multi-factor authentication to reduce exposure. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing to identify and remediate similar injection flaws. If patches become available from the vendor, apply them promptly. In the absence of official patches, consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with specific rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting this endpoint. Regularly monitor logs for suspicious activity related to the /admin/?page=user endpoint. Additionally, ensure that database accounts used by the application have the least privileges necessary to limit the impact of any successful injection.