CVE-2025-15046 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda WH450 router firmware version 1.0.0.18. The vulnerability resides in the HTTP request handler component, specifically within an unknown function processing the /goform/PPTPClient endpoint. The issue arises due to improper validation and handling of the 'netmsk' argument, which can be manipulated by an attacker to overflow the stack buffer. This overflow can corrupt adjacent memory, potentially allowing arbitrary code execution or denial of service. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication or user interaction, making it highly dangerous. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction needed, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no active exploitation has been reported, the public disclosure of exploit code increases the likelihood of attacks. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0.0.18 of the Tenda WH450, a device commonly used in small to medium enterprise and home network environments. The absence of vendor patches at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate defensive actions to mitigate risk.

For European organizations, exploitation of CVE-2025-15046 could lead to severe consequences including unauthorized remote code execution, full compromise of affected routers, interception or manipulation of network traffic, and disruption of network availability. This could impact confidentiality by exposing sensitive data traversing the network, integrity by allowing attackers to alter configurations or data, and availability by causing device crashes or network outages. Organizations relying on Tenda WH450 devices for VPN or PPTP client functionalities are particularly vulnerable. Critical infrastructure operators, SMEs, and enterprises using these devices in their network perimeter or internal segments could face operational disruptions and potential data breaches. The ease of exploitation and lack of authentication requirements increase the threat level, potentially enabling widespread attacks if exploit code is weaponized. The public availability of exploit details further elevates the risk of rapid exploitation campaigns targeting vulnerable devices across Europe.

1. Immediately identify and isolate all Tenda WH450 devices running firmware version 1.0.0.18 within the network to prevent exposure to external threats. 2. Monitor network traffic for unusual activity targeting the /goform/PPTPClient endpoint or anomalous HTTP requests that could indicate exploitation attempts. 3. Apply vendor-provided patches or firmware updates as soon as they become available; if no patch is available, consider downgrading to a previous secure version if feasible. 4. Where patching is not possible, replace vulnerable devices with alternative hardware from vendors with robust security track records. 5. Implement network segmentation to limit access to vulnerable devices, restricting management interfaces to trusted internal networks only. 6. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics capable of detecting exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability. 7. Educate IT and security teams about the vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include steps for rapid containment and remediation. 8. Regularly audit device firmware versions and configurations to maintain visibility and control over network infrastructure components.