CVE-2025-15047 identifies a critical security vulnerability in the Tenda WH450 router firmware version 1.0.0.18. The vulnerability is a stack-based buffer overflow located in the HTTP request handler component, specifically within the /goform/PPTPDClient endpoint. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted HTTP request that manipulates the Username parameter, causing the router to overwrite memory on the stack. This memory corruption can lead to arbitrary code execution, enabling remote attackers to gain control over the device without requiring any authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability is classified as critical with a CVSS 4.0 score of 9.3, indicating high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with low attack complexity and no privileges needed. The exploit code has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of exploitation despite no confirmed active attacks in the wild. The affected product, Tenda WH450, is a consumer and small business router, often deployed in home and office networks. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to intercept or manipulate network traffic, disrupt network services, or use the compromised device as a foothold for further attacks within an organization’s network. The lack of available patches at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate defensive measures to mitigate risk.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the potential for remote code execution on network edge devices. Compromise of Tenda WH450 routers can lead to unauthorized access to internal networks, interception of sensitive data, and disruption of network availability. Small and medium enterprises, as well as home office environments relying on these routers, are particularly vulnerable. The exploitation could facilitate lateral movement within corporate networks or serve as a launchpad for broader cyberattacks such as ransomware or espionage. Given the critical nature of the flaw and the public availability of exploit code, the threat landscape is elevated. Additionally, organizations in sectors with stringent data protection requirements (e.g., finance, healthcare) face increased compliance risks if such devices are compromised. The absence of patches increases the window of exposure, making proactive mitigation essential.

1. Immediately identify and isolate all Tenda WH450 devices running firmware version 1.0.0.18 within the network to prevent exposure. 2. Disable the PPTPDClient service or restrict access to the /goform/PPTPDClient endpoint via firewall rules or network segmentation to block exploit attempts. 3. Monitor network traffic for unusual HTTP requests targeting the Username parameter on the affected endpoint. 4. Implement strict ingress filtering and limit remote management access to trusted IP addresses only. 5. Regularly check for and apply firmware updates from Tenda once patches addressing CVE-2025-15047 are released. 6. Employ network intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures for this vulnerability or custom rules to detect exploitation attempts. 7. Educate IT staff on the vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include steps for handling potential exploitation. 8. Consider replacing vulnerable devices with models from vendors with stronger security track records if patching is delayed.