CVE-2025-15050 is a security vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the code-projects Student File Management System, specifically within the /save_file.php script. The vulnerability arises from insufficient validation of the 'File' parameter, which allows an attacker to upload files without restriction. This unrestricted upload capability can be exploited remotely without user interaction and with low attack complexity, although it requires low-level privileges (PR:L). The lack of proper file type validation or access controls means attackers can upload malicious files, such as web shells or malware, potentially leading to remote code execution, data exfiltration, or disruption of service. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting the moderate impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and the ease of exploitation. No patches or fixes have been published yet, and no known exploits have been observed in the wild, but public disclosure increases the risk of exploitation attempts. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is primarily used in educational environments for managing student files. The attack surface is limited to the file upload functionality, but the consequences can be severe if exploited successfully.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using the code-projects Student File Management System, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized system access, data breaches involving sensitive student information, deployment of ransomware or other malware, and disruption of educational services. The confidentiality of student records and institutional data could be compromised, damaging trust and potentially violating data protection regulations such as GDPR. Integrity of stored files and system operations may be undermined, and availability could be affected if attackers deploy destructive payloads or cause service outages. The medium severity score suggests a moderate but tangible threat, especially in environments with limited security monitoring or delayed patching. The risk is heightened by the remote exploitability and lack of required user interaction, enabling attackers to target systems over the internet or internal networks with minimal effort.

Organizations should immediately review and restrict access to the /save_file.php endpoint, ensuring it is not exposed unnecessarily to untrusted networks. Implement strict server-side validation to allow only safe file types and enforce file size limits. Employ whitelist-based file extension and MIME type checks, and verify file contents to prevent disguised malicious uploads. Apply authentication and authorization controls to limit upload capabilities to trusted users only. Monitor upload logs for unusual activity and deploy intrusion detection systems to detect exploitation attempts. If possible, isolate the file upload functionality in a sandboxed environment to contain potential damage. Coordinate with the vendor or development team to obtain patches or updates addressing this vulnerability. In the absence of official patches, consider temporary mitigations such as disabling file uploads or restricting uploads to internal networks. Regularly back up critical data and test restoration procedures to mitigate impact from potential attacks.