CVE-2025-15078 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in itsourcecode Student Management System version 1.0, specifically within the /list_report.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'sy' parameter, which is susceptible to malicious SQL code injection. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate backend database queries, potentially extracting sensitive data, modifying records, or causing denial of service conditions. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or privileges, making it easier to exploit remotely. Although the exact function affected is unspecified, the injection point in a report listing script suggests attackers could access or alter student records or reports. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no authentication or user interaction required, and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No official patches or fixes are currently published, and no active exploits have been reported in the wild, but public exploit code availability increases risk. The vulnerability's presence in a student management system poses significant risks to educational data confidentiality and integrity, especially in institutions relying on this software for critical administrative functions.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using the itsourcecode Student Management System 1.0, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive student data, including personal information and academic records. Attackers could manipulate or delete records, undermining data integrity and trust in the system. Confidentiality breaches could result in violations of GDPR and other data protection regulations, leading to legal and financial repercussions. Availability impacts, while limited, could disrupt administrative operations if the database is compromised or corrupted. The public availability of exploit code increases the likelihood of opportunistic attacks, especially against less-secured or unpatched systems. The medium severity rating suggests moderate risk, but the critical nature of educational data and regulatory environment in Europe elevates the importance of timely mitigation. Additionally, reputational damage to affected institutions could be significant, impacting student trust and institutional credibility.

Organizations should immediately audit their use of the itsourcecode Student Management System version 1.0 and identify any instances of the vulnerable /list_report.php endpoint. Since no official patch is currently available, implement the following mitigations: 1) Apply strict input validation and sanitization on the 'sy' parameter to reject or properly escape SQL metacharacters. 2) Refactor database queries to use parameterized (prepared) statements or stored procedures to prevent injection. 3) Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of any successful injection. 4) Monitor logs for suspicious query patterns or repeated access to the vulnerable endpoint. 5) Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules targeting SQL injection attempts on the affected parameter. 6) Educate IT staff and administrators about the vulnerability and the importance of rapid response. 7) Plan for an upgrade or patch deployment as soon as the vendor releases a fix. 8) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on injection vulnerabilities. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice and address the specific attack vector and context of this vulnerability.