CVE-2025-15078 identifies a SQL Injection vulnerability in the itsourcecode Student Management System version 1.0, affecting the /list_report.php script through the 'sy' parameter. This vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of user-supplied input, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability could enable attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive student records stored in the backend database, potentially compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction needed, and partial impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no public exploits are currently known, the exploit code is publicly available, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability is limited to version 1.0 of the product, and no official patches have been released yet. Given the nature of student management systems, the exposure of personal and academic data could have regulatory and reputational consequences. The vulnerability’s presence in a web-facing component makes it accessible to remote attackers, emphasizing the need for urgent remediation.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using the itsourcecode Student Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data access and manipulation. The compromise of student records could lead to violations of GDPR and other data protection regulations, resulting in legal penalties and loss of trust. Integrity breaches could affect academic records, impacting students’ academic progress and institutional credibility. Availability impacts could disrupt administrative operations. Since the vulnerability can be exploited remotely without authentication, attackers could target multiple institutions en masse. The medium CVSS score reflects moderate severity, but the sensitivity of educational data elevates the potential impact. Organizations may also face indirect impacts such as increased incident response costs, reputational damage, and potential exploitation by cybercriminals or state-sponsored actors interested in educational data or disruption.

Given the absence of official patches, European organizations should immediately implement input validation and sanitization on the 'sy' parameter to block malicious SQL payloads. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code to prevent injection. If source code modification is not feasible, deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting /list_report.php and the 'sy' parameter. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing on all user inputs. Restrict database user privileges to the minimum necessary to limit potential damage. Monitor logs for suspicious query patterns and unusual database activity. Educate IT staff on this vulnerability and prepare incident response plans. Organizations should also consider isolating the affected system from the internet or limiting access via VPN until a patch is available. Engage with the vendor for updates and patches and plan for timely application once released.