CVE-2025-15164 identifies a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Tenda WH450 router firmware version 1.0.0.18, specifically within the /goform/SafeMacFilter endpoint. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of the 'page' argument, which when manipulated, causes a buffer overflow on the stack. This type of vulnerability can lead to arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or system compromise. The attack vector is remote network access, requiring no authentication or user interaction, making it highly exploitable. The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.6 reflects the high impact and ease of exploitation. The vulnerability affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device and potentially the network it supports. Although no exploits in the wild have been confirmed, a public exploit exists, increasing the risk of imminent attacks. The lack of a patch link indicates that a firmware update may not yet be available, necessitating interim mitigations. This vulnerability is critical for organizations relying on Tenda WH450 routers, as compromise could lead to network infiltration or disruption.

For European organizations, exploitation of this vulnerability could result in unauthorized remote code execution on Tenda WH450 routers, leading to full device compromise. This can allow attackers to intercept, modify, or disrupt network traffic, potentially affecting sensitive data confidentiality and network integrity. Critical infrastructure, government, and enterprise networks using these devices may face service outages or be leveraged as footholds for further attacks. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of widespread attacks. Additionally, the public availability of an exploit raises the likelihood of rapid weaponization by threat actors. The impact extends beyond individual devices to the broader network environment, potentially affecting business continuity and regulatory compliance under European data protection laws.

Immediate mitigation should focus on network-level controls such as restricting access to the router's management interface, especially the /goform/SafeMacFilter endpoint, using firewalls or access control lists to limit exposure to trusted IPs only. Network segmentation should isolate vulnerable devices from critical assets. Monitoring network traffic for anomalous requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint can help detect exploitation attempts. Organizations should engage with Tenda for firmware updates and apply patches promptly once released. In the absence of patches, consider replacing vulnerable devices with alternatives from vendors with robust security support. Additionally, implement intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) tuned to detect buffer overflow exploit patterns. Regularly audit device configurations and maintain an inventory of affected hardware to prioritize remediation efforts.