CVE-2025-15216 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda AC23 router firmware version 16.03.07.52. The flaw exists in the fromSetIpMacBind function located in the /goform/SetIpMacBind endpoint, where improper validation of the bindnum parameter allows an attacker to overwrite the stack. This vulnerability can be triggered remotely without authentication or user interaction, making it highly exploitable. The overflow can lead to arbitrary code execution with elevated privileges on the device, potentially allowing attackers to take full control of the router. Such control could enable interception or manipulation of network traffic, deployment of persistent malware, or use of the device as a pivot point for further network compromise. The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with the ease of remote exploitation. Although no active exploitation in the wild has been reported, a public exploit exists, increasing the risk of imminent attacks. The vulnerability affects only firmware version 16.03.07.52, so devices running other versions may not be vulnerable. No official patch links are currently available, emphasizing the need for vendor response and interim mitigations.

For European organizations, exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to severe network security breaches. Compromised routers can serve as entry points for attackers to infiltrate internal networks, intercept sensitive communications, or disrupt business operations. Critical infrastructure and enterprises relying on Tenda AC23 devices for network connectivity may face data exfiltration, service outages, or ransomware attacks. The remote, unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of widespread attacks, especially in environments where router management interfaces are exposed to the internet or poorly segmented. The impact extends beyond individual organizations to national cybersecurity, particularly if attackers target government or industrial control networks. Additionally, compromised routers could be conscripted into botnets, amplifying threats to European digital infrastructure.

Organizations should immediately inventory their network to identify Tenda AC23 devices running firmware version 16.03.07.52. Until an official patch is released, restrict access to router management interfaces by implementing network segmentation and firewall rules that block external access to /goform/SetIpMacBind and related endpoints. Disable remote management features if not essential. Employ intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploit attempts targeting this vulnerability. Regularly check for firmware updates from Tenda and apply patches promptly once available. Consider replacing vulnerable devices with models from vendors with stronger security track records if patching is delayed. Additionally, enforce strong network access controls and monitor router logs for suspicious activity indicative of exploitation attempts.