CVE-2025-15232 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda M3 router firmware version 1.0.0.13(4903). The vulnerability resides in the formSetAdPushInfo function, which processes HTTP requests to the /goform/setAdPushInfo endpoint. Specifically, the vulnerability arises from improper validation and handling of the mac or terminal parameters, allowing an attacker to supply crafted input that overflows the stack buffer. This overflow can overwrite the return address or other control data on the stack, enabling remote code execution under the privileges of the affected process. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to attackers scanning for vulnerable devices. The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with low attack complexity and no privileges or user interaction needed. Although no confirmed exploitation in the wild has been reported, a public exploit exists, increasing the likelihood of future attacks. The lack of available patches at the time of publication necessitates immediate mitigation efforts. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to networks relying on Tenda M3 routers, as compromised devices could be used as entry points for broader network intrusions or as part of botnets.

The impact of CVE-2025-15232 is substantial for organizations and individuals using Tenda M3 routers. Successful exploitation allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, potentially leading to full device compromise. This can result in unauthorized access to internal networks, interception or manipulation of network traffic, disruption of network services, and the use of compromised routers as launch points for further attacks such as lateral movement or distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. The vulnerability threatens confidentiality by exposing sensitive network data, integrity by allowing modification of router configurations or firmware, and availability by causing device crashes or persistent denial of service. Given the widespread use of Tenda routers in home and small office environments, exploitation could also facilitate large-scale botnet recruitment, amplifying the threat to global internet infrastructure. The ease of remote exploitation without authentication significantly increases the attack surface and risk profile for affected organizations.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on restricting network access to the /goform/setAdPushInfo endpoint by implementing firewall rules or access control lists (ACLs) to block unsolicited inbound traffic targeting this path. 2. Network segmentation should be employed to isolate vulnerable Tenda M3 routers from critical internal systems and sensitive data. 3. Monitor network traffic and router logs for unusual or repeated requests to the /goform/setAdPushInfo endpoint, which may indicate exploitation attempts. 4. Disable remote management features on the router if not required, reducing exposure to external attackers. 5. Regularly check for firmware updates or security advisories from Tenda and apply patches promptly once available. 6. Where patching is not immediately possible, consider replacing vulnerable devices with models from vendors with stronger security track records. 7. Educate users and administrators about the risks of this vulnerability and encourage best practices such as changing default credentials and using strong passwords. 8. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics capable of detecting exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability.