The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-15404 affects campcodes School File Management System version 1.0, specifically an unknown function within the /save_file.php file that handles file uploads. The flaw allows an attacker to perform unrestricted file uploads by manipulating the 'File' argument, bypassing any intended restrictions or validations. This vulnerability is remotely exploitable without user interaction and requires only limited privileges, meaning an attacker with some level of access to the system can upload arbitrary files, including potentially malicious scripts or executables. The unrestricted upload capability can lead to several attack vectors, such as remote code execution if the uploaded file is a web shell, data exfiltration, or denial of service by overwriting critical files. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed but no known exploits have been observed in the wild yet. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no authentication required (AT:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and limited impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). The lack of patches or vendor advisories at this time increases the urgency for organizations to implement compensating controls. This vulnerability is particularly critical in the context of educational institutions that rely on the campcodes system for managing sensitive student and staff files, as exploitation could compromise personal data and disrupt educational operations.

For European organizations, especially educational institutions using campcodes School File Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized file uploads, enabling attackers to deploy malicious payloads such as web shells or ransomware, resulting in data breaches, system compromise, or operational disruption. Confidentiality of sensitive student and staff information could be compromised, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. Integrity of stored files and availability of the file management system could also be affected, potentially disrupting educational services. Given the public disclosure and ease of exploitation, attackers may target vulnerable European schools or educational authorities, particularly those with limited cybersecurity resources. The impact is amplified in environments where network segmentation and access controls are weak, or where monitoring and incident response capabilities are limited.

Organizations should immediately assess their use of campcodes School File Management System version 1.0 and prioritize upgrading to a patched version once available. In the absence of an official patch, implement strict input validation and sanitization on file upload parameters to restrict allowed file types, sizes, and content. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) to detect and block suspicious upload attempts. Restrict access to the /save_file.php endpoint using network segmentation and access control lists, limiting it to trusted users or IP ranges. Monitor logs for unusual file upload activity and establish alerting for potential exploitation attempts. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focused on file upload functionalities. Educate system administrators and users about the risks of unrestricted file uploads and enforce the principle of least privilege for system access. Finally, ensure backups of critical data are maintained securely to enable recovery in case of compromise.