CVE-2025-15404 identifies a security vulnerability in version 1.0 of the campcodes School File Management System, specifically within the /save_file.php script. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of the 'File' parameter, which allows an attacker to upload files without restrictions. This unrestricted upload capability can be exploited remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction, making it accessible to a wide range of threat actors. The uploaded files could be malicious scripts or executables that, when executed on the server, could lead to remote code execution, privilege escalation, or persistent backdoors. The vulnerability is categorized as medium severity with a CVSS 4.0 score of 5.3, reflecting a balance between ease of exploitation (network attack vector, low attack complexity) and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (low to medium impact). No patches or fixes have been publicly disclosed yet, and no active exploits have been reported in the wild, but the public disclosure increases the risk of exploitation attempts. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is used primarily in educational environments to manage school files. The lack of authentication requirements and user interaction makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous in environments where the system is exposed to the internet or untrusted networks. Attackers could leverage this flaw to upload web shells or malware, potentially compromising sensitive student or staff data, disrupting school operations, or using the compromised system as a pivot point for further attacks within the network.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using campcodes School File Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive educational data, including personal information of students and staff, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. The ability to upload arbitrary files could allow attackers to deploy web shells or malware, leading to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or ransomware deployment. This could disrupt school operations, damage reputations, and incur regulatory penalties. Given the medium severity and ease of exploitation, even smaller schools with limited cybersecurity resources could be targeted. The impact extends beyond confidentiality to integrity and availability, as attackers could modify or delete critical files or disrupt file management services. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements increases the attack surface, especially for systems exposed to the internet or poorly segmented internal networks. European organizations must consider the risk of lateral movement within their networks if attackers gain a foothold through this vulnerability.

Since no official patches are currently available, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. First, restrict access to the /save_file.php endpoint by enforcing strong authentication and authorization mechanisms to ensure only legitimate users can upload files. Implement strict server-side validation of uploaded files, including checking file types, sizes, and content signatures to prevent malicious uploads. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block suspicious file upload attempts. Monitor server logs and network traffic for unusual activity related to file uploads. Isolate the file upload functionality in a sandboxed environment with minimal privileges to limit potential damage. Regularly back up critical data and ensure backups are stored securely offline. Educate IT staff and users about the risks of this vulnerability and encourage prompt reporting of suspicious behavior. Finally, maintain vigilance for vendor updates or patches and plan for immediate deployment once available. Network segmentation to limit exposure of the affected system and incident response readiness are also recommended.