CVE-2025-15406 identifies a missing authorization vulnerability in PHPGurukul Online Course Registration software versions 3.0 and 3.1. The vulnerability arises from an unspecified function that fails to properly verify user privileges before allowing certain operations, enabling remote attackers to bypass authorization controls. The flaw does not require user interaction and can be exploited remotely with low attack complexity, although some level of privileges is needed (PR:L). The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates no user interaction (UI:N), no privileges required (PR:L), and partial impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). The exploit code has been published, increasing the likelihood of exploitation, though no active in-the-wild attacks have been reported yet. The missing authorization can lead to unauthorized access or modification of course registration data, potentially exposing sensitive student information or disrupting registration processes. The lack of vendor patches at the time of reporting necessitates immediate mitigation through access control reviews and monitoring. This vulnerability highlights the critical need for robust authorization mechanisms in web applications handling sensitive educational data.

For European organizations, especially educational institutions and training providers using PHPGurukul Online Course Registration, this vulnerability poses risks including unauthorized access to personal data of students and staff, manipulation of course enrollment records, and potential service disruption. Such impacts can lead to violations of GDPR due to exposure of personal data, reputational damage, and operational challenges. The medium severity reflects moderate but tangible risks to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Attackers exploiting this flaw could escalate privileges or perform unauthorized actions remotely, potentially affecting multiple users and systems. Given the increasing reliance on digital education platforms in Europe, the threat could disrupt academic operations and erode trust in online learning environments.

Organizations should immediately audit and enforce strict authorization checks within their PHPGurukul Online Course Registration deployments, ensuring that all sensitive functions verify user privileges appropriately. Until official patches are released, consider implementing web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious requests targeting the vulnerable functions. Conduct thorough access reviews to limit user privileges to the minimum necessary. Monitor logs for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Engage with the vendor for timely updates and apply patches as soon as they become available. Additionally, consider isolating the application within segmented network zones to reduce exposure. Educate administrators and users about the risks and signs of exploitation to enhance detection and response capabilities.