CVE-2025-15494 is a SQL injection vulnerability identified in the RainyGao DocSys document management system, affecting all versions up to 2.02.37. The root cause lies in an insecure handling of the Username parameter within the UserMapper.xml file, which is part of the system's data mapping configuration. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject malicious SQL statements directly into the backend database queries. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or prior authentication, making it accessible over the network with low attack complexity. Exploitation can lead to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the document management system. The vendor was notified early but has not issued a patch or response, and while no known exploits are currently active in the wild, public disclosure of exploit details increases the risk of exploitation. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3, reflecting medium severity due to limited scope and partial impact on system components. The vulnerability is significant because document management systems often contain sensitive corporate information, and successful exploitation could facilitate further lateral movement or data exfiltration within an enterprise environment.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive documents and data managed by RainyGao DocSys. Exploitation could lead to data breaches involving confidential corporate or personal information, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations), and potential disruption of document workflows. The integrity of stored documents could be compromised, enabling attackers to alter or delete critical records. Availability could also be affected if attackers execute destructive SQL commands or cause database corruption. Given the remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit, attackers could leverage this vulnerability as an initial foothold for broader network intrusion. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and legal services, which rely heavily on document management systems, may face significant operational and reputational damage. The lack of vendor response and patch availability increases the urgency for organizations to implement compensating controls.

1. Monitor vendor channels closely for any forthcoming patches or updates and apply them immediately upon release. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data, especially the Username parameter, to prevent injection of malicious SQL code. 3. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint. 4. Restrict network access to the DocSys application to trusted IP ranges and enforce strong network segmentation to limit exposure. 5. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focused on SQL injection and other injection flaws. 6. Review and harden database permissions to minimize the impact of potential SQL injection, ensuring the application uses least privilege principles. 7. Enable detailed logging and alerting for suspicious database queries or application errors that may indicate exploitation attempts. 8. Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include steps for SQL injection incidents. 9. If feasible, consider temporary disabling or isolating the vulnerable functionality until a patch is available.