CVE-2025-15499 is an OS command injection vulnerability identified in the Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System, affecting all versions up to 3.0.8. The flaw exists in the uploadCN function of the VersionController.java file, where the filename argument is insufficiently sanitized, enabling attackers to inject and execute arbitrary operating system commands remotely. This vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, making it highly exploitable over the network. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P) indicates network attack vector, low complexity, no attack prerequisites, and partial privileges required, with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vendor has been contacted but has not issued any patches or advisories, and although no known exploits are currently active in the wild, public disclosure of exploit code increases the risk of imminent attacks. This vulnerability could allow attackers to gain full control over affected systems, execute arbitrary commands, and potentially pivot within the network, leading to data breaches, service disruption, or further compromise.

For European organizations, exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to severe consequences including unauthorized access to sensitive operational data, disruption of maintenance and management functions, and potential lateral movement within enterprise networks. Given the critical role of operation and maintenance management systems in infrastructure and IT environments, successful exploitation could impact availability of services, compromise system integrity, and expose confidential information. Organizations in sectors such as telecommunications, energy, manufacturing, and government that rely on Sangfor products may face operational downtime and reputational damage. The lack of vendor response and patches increases the risk exposure, necessitating immediate defensive actions. Additionally, the remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit makes it a prime target for automated attacks and exploitation by cybercriminals or state-sponsored actors targeting European critical infrastructure.

Since no official patches are available, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. These include: 1) Restricting network access to the Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System to trusted IP addresses via firewall rules or network segmentation to limit exposure. 2) Deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious payloads targeting the uploadCN function or command injection patterns. 3) Monitoring logs and network traffic for unusual command execution attempts or anomalous behavior related to the affected system. 4) Applying the principle of least privilege by ensuring the service account running the application has minimal OS-level permissions to reduce impact if exploited. 5) Conducting thorough security assessments and penetration tests focusing on this vulnerability. 6) Preparing incident response plans specific to this threat. Organizations should also maintain close communication with Sangfor for any forthcoming patches and apply them immediately upon release.