CVE-2025-15502 is an OS command injection vulnerability affecting Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System versions 3.0.0 through 3.0.8. The vulnerability resides in the SessionController function of the /isomp-protocol/protocol/session file, where the Hostname parameter is improperly sanitized, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary operating system commands. This flaw can be exploited remotely without any authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to attackers. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability by enabling attackers to execute commands that could lead to data exfiltration, system manipulation, or denial of service. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and partial impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no confirmed exploitation in the wild has been reported, publicly available exploit code increases the likelihood of attacks. The vendor has not issued patches or responded to disclosure, leaving affected systems vulnerable. This vulnerability is particularly critical in environments where Sangfor’s system manages operational infrastructure, as attackers could leverage this flaw for persistent access or lateral movement within networks.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-15502 can be significant, especially for those relying on Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System for critical infrastructure or network management. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized command execution, resulting in data breaches, disruption of services, or full system compromise. This could affect confidentiality by exposing sensitive operational data, integrity by allowing unauthorized changes to system configurations or logs, and availability by causing service outages or denial of service conditions. Given the remote, unauthenticated nature of the exploit, attackers can target exposed systems over the internet or internal networks, increasing the attack surface. The lack of vendor response and patches exacerbates the risk, potentially leading to targeted attacks against European entities in sectors such as telecommunications, energy, or government, where Sangfor products might be deployed. The presence of publicly available exploit code further raises the threat level, as less skilled attackers could leverage it to conduct attacks.

1. Immediately restrict network access to the Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System, limiting it to trusted management networks and blocking external internet access where possible. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization at network perimeter devices or web application firewalls to detect and block malicious payloads targeting the Hostname parameter. 3. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual command execution patterns or unexpected system behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 4. Employ intrusion detection and prevention systems configured to detect OS command injection signatures. 5. If feasible, isolate the affected system within segmented network zones to contain potential compromise. 6. Engage with Sangfor support channels persistently to obtain patches or official guidance. 7. Consider deploying virtual patching techniques or compensating controls until an official patch is released. 8. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on this vulnerability vector. 9. Educate system administrators about the risks and signs of exploitation to enable rapid incident response.