CVE-2025-15543 is a vulnerability identified in TP-Link Systems Inc.'s VX800v version 1.0, classified under CWE-59 (Improper Link Resolution Before File Access). The flaw arises in the USB HTTP access path, where the device improperly resolves symbolic links or similar filesystem references before accessing files. This improper resolution allows a maliciously crafted USB device, when physically connected to the VX800v, to expose contents of the root filesystem. The attacker gains read-only access to system files, potentially revealing sensitive configuration data, credentials, or system internals. The vulnerability does not require any authentication, user interaction, or network access, but strictly physical access to the device. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.1 (medium severity), reflecting the limited attack vector (physical access) but high confidentiality impact due to exposure of root filesystem contents. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no patches have been released at the time of publication. The vulnerability highlights a design weakness in how the VX800v handles USB device file paths, failing to properly validate or sanitize link targets before file access, leading to unintended information disclosure.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-15543 is the potential unauthorized disclosure of sensitive system files on TP-Link VX800v devices. This could include configuration files, credentials, or other critical data that attackers could use to further compromise the device or network. Although the vulnerability only allows read-only access and requires physical access, environments with shared or poorly controlled physical access (e.g., data centers, offices, or public areas) are at risk. Exposure of root filesystem contents could facilitate subsequent attacks or insider threats. The impact on confidentiality is high, while integrity and availability remain unaffected. Organizations relying on VX800v devices for network infrastructure or security functions may face operational risks if attackers leverage disclosed information. The medium severity rating reflects the balance between the physical access requirement and the sensitivity of exposed data.

1. Restrict physical access to TP-Link VX800v devices to authorized personnel only, employing locked cabinets or secure rooms. 2. Implement strict USB device control policies, including disabling unused USB ports or using endpoint security solutions that monitor and block unauthorized USB devices. 3. Regularly audit and monitor device logs for unusual USB connection events or access patterns. 4. Coordinate with TP-Link for timely updates and patches addressing this vulnerability; apply patches immediately upon release. 5. Consider network segmentation to isolate VX800v devices from critical infrastructure to limit lateral movement if compromise occurs. 6. Conduct security awareness training emphasizing the risks of physical device tampering. 7. Evaluate alternative hardware or firmware versions if available that are not affected by this vulnerability.