CVE-2025-20302 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting Cisco Secure Firepower Management Center (FMC) software, specifically its web-based management interface. The vulnerability arises from missing authorization checks that allow an authenticated user with low privileges to access generated report files belonging to different domains managed on the same FMC instance. Exploitation involves an attacker directly requesting a report file from a domain they do not have authorization to access. Since FMC can manage multiple domains or tenants, this flaw enables unauthorized cross-domain information disclosure. The attacker does not require elevated privileges beyond basic authentication and does not need user interaction beyond sending crafted HTTP requests. The vulnerability impacts a wide range of Cisco FMC versions, from 6.2.3 through 7.6.0, indicating a long-standing issue across multiple releases. The CVSS 3.1 score is 4.3 (medium), reflecting that the vulnerability impacts confidentiality only, with no impact on integrity or availability. The attack vector is network-based with low complexity and requires privileges but no user interaction. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to read sensitive activity logs or reports from other domains, potentially exposing internal network activity, security events, or other sensitive operational data. This could aid further reconnaissance or targeted attacks against organizations using multi-domain FMC deployments.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-20302 primarily concerns confidentiality breaches within multi-domain or multi-tenant Cisco FMC deployments. Organizations using FMC to manage segmented networks or multiple business units could have sensitive operational reports exposed to unauthorized users within the same FMC instance. This exposure could lead to leakage of security monitoring data, network activity logs, or incident reports, undermining trust in internal security controls. While the vulnerability does not allow modification or disruption of services, the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information could facilitate lateral movement, targeted attacks, or compliance violations under regulations such as GDPR. Organizations in critical infrastructure sectors, finance, telecommunications, and government are particularly at risk due to the sensitive nature of their network monitoring data. The vulnerability's requirement for authenticated access limits exposure to insiders or attackers who have compromised low-privileged credentials, but this remains a significant risk vector given the prevalence of credential theft. The broad range of affected FMC versions means many European enterprises may be vulnerable if they have not applied patches or mitigations.

1. Apply Cisco's official patches or updates for Firepower Management Center as soon as they become available to address this authorization flaw. 2. Implement strict access controls and segmentation within FMC to limit user privileges to only necessary domains, minimizing the risk of cross-domain data access. 3. Monitor and audit user access logs within FMC for unusual access patterns or attempts to retrieve reports from unauthorized domains. 4. Enforce strong authentication mechanisms, including multi-factor authentication (MFA), to reduce the risk of credential compromise for low-privileged users. 5. Consider deploying network-level controls such as web application firewalls (WAFs) to detect and block unauthorized attempts to access report files. 6. Educate administrators and users about the risks of credential sharing and phishing attacks that could lead to unauthorized authenticated access. 7. Regularly review FMC configuration and user roles to ensure least privilege principles are maintained. 8. If immediate patching is not possible, restrict access to the FMC management interface to trusted networks and users only.